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Flashcards in adverse drug reactions Deck (13)
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1
Q

whats the definsition of adverse drug reactions

A

Any response to a drug which is noxious, unintended and occurs at doses used in man for prophylaxis, diagnosis or treatment

2
Q

what is the classification of ADRs

A
Type A 	Augmented
	Type B	Bizarre
	Type C	Chronic
	Type D	Delayed
	Type E	End of treatment   
	Type F	Failure of treatment
3
Q

what are type A reactions

A

predictable and dose dependent

4
Q

what are the reasons for type A ADRs

A

too high a dose, pharmocokinetic variation and pharmocodynamic variation

5
Q

what are type B reactions

A
Bizarre
Unpredictable
Rare
Cause serious illness or death
Unidentified for months or years
Unrelated to the dose
Not readily reversed
6
Q

what is idiosyncratic

A

Inherent abnormal response to a drug

7
Q

what is type C effects

A

This type of ADR is related to the duration of treatment as well as the dose and does not occur with a single dose.
Semi-predictable
Iatrogenic Cushings disease
Steroid induced osteoporosis
Opiate dependence
Tardive dyskinesia with neuroleptic drugs
Analgesic nephropathy due to paracetamol or NSAIDs

8
Q

what are type D effects

A

These adverse effects occur a long time after treatment
Teratogenesis
Carcinogenesis

9
Q

whats teratogenesis

A

Abnormal congenital malformations in the fetus following in utero exposure due to maternal medication use during 1st trimester of pregnancy

10
Q

what are type E effects

A

Adverse effects which occur when a drug treatment is stopped especially suddenly following long-term use

Unstable angina and MI when beta blockers are stopped.
Addisonian crisis when long term steroids are suddenly stopped
Withdrawal seizures when anti-epileptics are stopped
Alcohol

11
Q

what is Rebound Phenomena

A

Occur when a drug is suddenly withdrawn

12
Q

type F effects

A

Failure of therapy
Common
Dose related
Frequently caused by drug interactions

13
Q

what are the steps of diagnosis

A

Step 1: Differential diagnosis
Step2: Medication History [past & present]
Step 3: Assess time of onset and dose relationship
Step 4: Laboratory investigations
Plasma concentration measurement
Allergy tests