Adolescent Development Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of FSH?

A

Stimulates granulosa (female) and Sertoli (male) cells

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2
Q

What is the function of LH?

A

Stimulates Leydig and theca cells

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3
Q

What is the function of Sertoli cells?

A

They make AMH and cause the regression of the Mullerian ducts

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4
Q

What is the function of Leydig cells?

A

Make testosterone which promotes growth and differentiation of the Wolfian duct.

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5
Q

What is thelarche?

A

Breast budding

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6
Q

What is adrenarche?

A

First appearance of pubic hair

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7
Q

What is gonadarche?

A

Growth of testes and ovary

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8
Q

What is menarche?

A

First menses cycle

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9
Q

What is the first male sign of puberty?

A

Testes enlargement

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10
Q

What is the first female sign of puberty?

A

Breast budding

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11
Q

What are the features of Turner’s Syndrome?

A

– short stature
– webbed neck
– widely spaced nipples – high arched palate
– congenital heart disease

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12
Q

What is the cause of Turner’s Syndrome?

A

XO chromosomes which is a problem because 2 X chromosomes are necessary for the development of the ovaries. As a result, there is primary ovarian failure and no E2 is produced.

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13
Q

What is the problem in testicular feminization (androgen insensitivity)?

A

No androgen receptors

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14
Q

What is considered delayed for female puberty?

A

No thelarche by age 13

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15
Q

At what time is lack of menarche abnormal?

A

2.5 years after thelarche

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16
Q

What is considered abnormal in the Tanner stages?

A

Gaps of > 2 stages in different areas is abnormal.

17
Q

What is precocious puberty?

A

Sexual development prior to the earliest accepted age

18
Q

What is the precocious pubertal age in males?

A

9 years

19
Q

What is the precocious pubertal age in females?

A

6 years

20
Q

What occurs in the follicular stage of the menstrual cycle?

A

Pulsatile GnRH release with increased LH and FSH that leads to ovarian follicle growth and endometrial thickening

21
Q

What occurs in the ovulatory stage of the menstrual cycle?

A

As E2 increases past a threshold it will switch to positive feedback and cause an LH surge that results in the release of the follicle

22
Q

What occurs in the luteal stage of the menstrual cycle?

A

Corpus luteum makes progesterone and E2 to prepare uterus for egg implantation and it will regress without fertilization

23
Q

What is menorrhagia?

A

Normal intervals; increased flow.

24
Q

What is metrorrhagia?

A

Irregular intervals; normal flow.

25
Q

What is polymenorrhea?

A

Intervals between menses

26
Q

What is oligomenorrhea?

A

Intervals between menses >35 days

27
Q

What is menometrorrhagia?

A

Irregular intervals; increased flow

28
Q

What is one reason menses can occur without ovulation (mostly in adolescents)?

A

Adolescents have negative feedback of E2 so increased E2 will decrease LH/FSH mid cycle and so there is no ovulation

29
Q

What is another reason menses can occur without ovulation (mostly accompanied by metrorrhagia)?

A

E2 does not decrease due to NO negative feedback which leads to unopposed E2 that causes continual endometrial growth