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Flashcards in Adjustment Quiz Deck (34)
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1
Q

Which hypothesis involves afferent impulses from one body area resulting reflex activity in other body areas?

A

Somato-somatic reflex hypothesis

2
Q

How can vertebral subluxations affect the nervous system?

A

Could impinge on spinal nerve roots as they exit through the IVF

3
Q

Who proposed the neurodystrophic hypothesis?

A

Robert Leach DC

4
Q

What is the neurodystrophic hypothesis?

A

Neural dysfunction/abnormal innervation is stressful to the viscera and other body structures and leads to lowered tissue resistance (making a susceptible host)

5
Q

Segemental muscle hypertonicity that may be associated with joint dysfunction is an example of which type of reflex hypothesis?

A

Somato-somatic reflex hypothesis

6
Q

What is the definition of a subluxation according to DD Palmer?

A

Partial or incomplete separation, one in which the articulating surfaces remain in partial contact

7
Q

What concept was constructed by Selye?

A

General Adaptation Syndrome

8
Q

Distention of the gut resulting in increased contraction of the gut muscle is an example of which type of reflex hypothesis?

A

Viscero-visceral reflex hypothesis

9
Q

At what stage of the general adaptation syndrome does the body fail to adapt?

A

Stage of exhaustion

10
Q

Does a vertebral subluxation alone cause a pinched nerve?

A

No - accompanied by inflammation, disc deformation, vascular changes, etc.

11
Q

Which hypothesis involves visceral afferent impulses resulting in activation of visceral efferent output of the sympathetic or parasympathetic motor neurons?

A

Viscero-visceral reflex hypothesis

12
Q

The fight or flight reaction occurs during which stage of the general adaption syndrome?

A

Alarm reaction

13
Q

Patients under significant emotional distress at the time of a car accident showing more neck pain 4 weeks post injury than other patients in a similar situation is an example of which type of reflex hypothesis?

A

Psycho-somatic reflex hypothesis

14
Q

According to a study done by the AMA, patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers had an associated with which spinal conditions?

A

T6-T9 scoliosis (86%) DDD (90%)

15
Q

If a subluxation doesn’t cause a pinched nerve, what can?

A

1 fracture 2 extreme displacement

16
Q

In what four ways is “subluxation” used in the chiropractic profession?

A

1 chiropractic theory 2 professional identity 3 clinical finding 4 clinical diagnosis

17
Q

Diseases of adaptation like ulcers, hypertension, CAD, etc. occur during what stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

A

Resistance

18
Q

Pain and muscle tightness in the left shoulder with the onset of a myocardial infarction is an example of which kind of reflex hypothesis?

A

Viscero-somatic reflex hypothesis

19
Q

What are the 3 stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome?

A

1 alarm reaction 2 stage of resistance 3 stage of exhaustion

20
Q

Diseases that cause psychological and physical damage and possibly even death occur during what stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

A

Exhaustion

21
Q

Joint dysfunction leading to conditions such as insomnia and restlessness is an example of which type of reflex hypothesis?

A

Somato-psychic reflex hypothesis

22
Q

Who are behind the theory of altered somatic and visceral reflexes involving facilitation?

A

Earl Homewood and Irwin Korr

23
Q

Which comes first: facilitation or sensitization?

A

Facilitation

24
Q

Does an impinged nerve have pressure on one or both sides?

A

One side

25
Q

What is vertebral subluxation syndrome?

A

Clinical disorder identified by its presenting symptoms and physical signs

26
Q

What is the theoretic model of motion segment dysfunction that incorporates the complex interaction of pathologic changes in nerve, muscle, ligamentous, vascular, and connective tissues?

A

Subluxation complex

27
Q

Which hypothesis involves afferent impulses in one body area resulting in reflex activity in correspondingly innervated visceral organ activity?

A

Somato-visceral reflex hypothesis

28
Q

Which reflex hypothesis involves subluxations that affect ascending paths of the reticular activating system?

A

Somato-psychic reflex hypothesis

29
Q

According to DD Palmer, what is the real, primary cause of disease?

A

Tension (which is caused by pressure, and the cause of pressure in 95% of conditions is sublimated vertebrae)

30
Q

What term is used to describe the multifaceted pathologic entity of a subluxation?

A

Vertebral Subluxation Complex (VSC)

31
Q

Which reflex hypothesis involves significant conscious or unconscious stressors perpetuating sensitization of afferent nerve fibers, amplifying signals by the amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex, and reinforcing efferent signals in the ANS?

A

Psycho-somatic reflex hypothesis

32
Q

Which hypothesis involves visceral afferent fibers causing somatic problems?

A

Viscero-somatic reflex hypothesis

33
Q

Heart palpitations secondary to thoracic joint dysfunction is an example of which type of reflex hypothesis?

A

Somato-visceral reflex hypothesis

34
Q

What is the #1 recognized cause of subluxation?

A

STRESS