When does ionization occur and what does it produce from an acid?
Occurs when an ionic compound dissociates in water.
Produces a proton (H+) or a hydronic ion (H3O+)
What is Ka, if Ka is high Whats favoured?
Acid ionization constant -reflects fraction of an acid that is ionized.
Products are favoured or the acid is strong. (Dissociates almost completely)
Describe Arrhenius Acids and Bases
Acids- substance that yields a proton (H+)
Bases- substances that yield a hydroxide ion (OH-)
Describe Brønsted- Lowry acids and bases
Acid- Proton donor
Base- Proton acceptor
Can now include bases that don’t have hydroxide ion (NH3)
Describe Lewis Acids and Bases
Acids- accept a pair of electrons
Bases- donate a pair of electrons
Kw
Ion product constant for water and aqueous solutions
1.0x10-14
[OH-][H+]
What does ionizing partially result in
Equilibrium
Why do some acids have more than 1 Ka?
They have more than 1 ionizable hydrogen
Ka decreases with each ionizable proton because they don’t want to get more negative by losing more protons
Why is water not in Ka Formula
Water is a liquid and doesn’t change in concentration
Base dissociation constant
kB=[conjugate acid][OH-]
—————————-
[base]
What does concentrated and dilute indicate
How much of an acid or base is dissolved in solution
Hydroxide?
A water molecule that looses a hydrogen ion and becomes a negatively charged hydroxide ion (OH-)
Hydronium?
Water molecule that gains a hydrogen ion and becomes a positively charged hydronium ion (H3O+)
pH?
pOH?
Negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration
Negative logarithm of the hydroxide ion concentration
Amphoteric
Acts as both an acid and a base (water)
Monoprotic
Diprotic
Triprotic
Having 1 ionizable hydrogen
2
3
Conjugate acid
Conjugate base
Particle formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion
Particle that remains when an acid has donated a hydrogen ion
Strong base?
Weak base?
Completely dislocated into metal ions and hydroxide ions in aqueous solution
Reacts with water to from hydroxide ion and the conjugate acid of the base.