Acids and bases Flashcards Preview

Anatomy And Physiology > Acids and bases > Flashcards

Flashcards in Acids and bases Deck (27)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Normal blood pH is

A

7.35-7.45

2
Q

Acid

A

IONIZE in water releasing their H ion

- proton donors

3
Q

Bases

A

Compound that BIND H ions (usually in water)

-Proton accepters

4
Q

What makes an acid or base strong?

A

Spends most of its time in its dissociated form

5
Q

What makes an acid or base weak?

A

They stay in their associated form

6
Q

In what ways does our body generate acids?

A

cellular metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats

7
Q

What does volitile mean

A

Easily turns into a gas

8
Q

What are the three mechanisms to regulate the pH

A
  1. buffers (immediate)
  2. exhalation (lungs)
  3. excretion (kidneys)
9
Q

Buffers

A

Substances that control H ion concentration by bonding them; prevent rapid change

10
Q

What are the there major buffer systems

A
  1. protein
  2. phosphate
  3. carbonic acid-bicarbonate (most important)
11
Q

Which buffer system is the most important, why?

A

The carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system because it is regulated by the lungs and kidneys as well.

12
Q

What 3 ways does the respiratory system move CO2 through the blood to the lungs?

A
  • 7% CO2 dissolved into the blood converting to carbonic acid
  • 23% CO2 binds to the hemoglobin in the red blood cells
  • 70% CO2 H ions bind to hemoglobin and the are released near the lungs so it can re-associate to make carbonic acid which is volatile thus enabling us to breath out hydrogen ions
13
Q

How does the respiratory system control blood pH?

A

The less you breath the the more CO2 you keep

The more you breath the more CO2 you eliminate

14
Q

How do the kidneys regulate pH?

A

Eliminates H ions in the urine, and by synthesizing more bicarbonate.

15
Q

What does alkalosis cause?

A

Excitation of the nervous system: spasms, tetanus convulsions, death

16
Q

What does acidosis cause

A

Depression of the nervous system; coma, death

17
Q

Respiratory acidosis cause

A

Anythings that cause CO2 to not be eliminated

18
Q

Respiratory alkalosis cause

A

Hyperventilation, mechanical ventilation

19
Q

Treatment of respiratory acidosis

A

IV bicarbonate therapy, and ventilation therapy

20
Q

Treatment of respiratory alkalosis

A

breathe into a paper bag

21
Q

Metabolic acidosis causes

A

drop in bicarbonate or an increase of metabolic acids (example; if you drink too much wine)

22
Q

Treatment of metabolic acidosis

A

IV with sodium bicarbonate

23
Q

Metabolic alkalosis causes

A

Increased bicarbonate (constipation or too much alkali ingestion) or decreased acid level (loosing fluids, dehydration)

24
Q

Treatment of metabolic alkalosis

A

electrolyte therapy

25
Q
Is there an acid base imbalance and if so what is the compensation and what is the condition?
PH 7.54 (normal range 7.35-7.45)
CO2 26 (normal range 35-45)
HCO3 16 (normal range 22-26)
A

ph and co2 indicates alkalosis
hco3 indicates acidosis

Condition- compensating respiratory alkalosis

26
Q

Define hyperpnea.

A

high breathing rate

27
Q

Define hypopnea.

A

low breathing rate