Flashcards in Acid-Base Deck (62)
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1
Relative excess of any acid except carbonic acid
Metabolic Acidosis
2
May be caused by:
Increase in acid
Excess removal or decrease in base
Combination of increase in acid and decrease in base
Metabolic Acidosis
3
Decreases the normal ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid because the bicarbonate is used up in buffering excess acid______
Metabolic acidosis
4
Caloric and glucose intake is insufficient
Body begins to use fat stores for energy
Fat metabolizes incompletely
This is __________, a type of ______
starvation ketoacidosis; metabolic acidosis
5
Ketoacids accumulate in blood, causing metabolic acidosis
starvation ketoacidosis
6
diabetes mellitus, starvation, alcoholism are just some symptoms of _____
ketoacidosis
7
Severe hyperthyroidism
Burns
Circulatory shock
due to ______
increase in acid
8
Tissue anoxia
Oliguric renal failure
due to ______
increase in acid
9
Anything that causes a removal/decrease in bicarbonate
due to ______
decrease/removal of base
10
Diarrhea: loss of intestinal fluid that is rich in bicarbonate ions that originate from pancreatic secretions
Gastrointestinal fistula that drains intestinal or pancreatic secretions; intestinal decompression
Renal tubular acidosis
have in common that __________
they include the excessive removal of/decrease in base
11
Headache
Abdominal pain
Central nervous system depression
symptoms of _______
metabolic acidosis
12
Confusion
Lethargy
Stupor
Coma
result from ________ system depression in _______
central nervous; metabolic acidosis
13
Tachycardia
Ventricular dysrhythmias (from myocardial intracellular acidity)
Decreased cardiac contractility
result from __________
severe metabolic acidosis
14
Death from brainstem dysfunction usually occurs if pH falls below 6.9 in _______
severe metabolic acidosis
15
In metabolic acidosis, uncompensated ABG symptoms include
_____bicarbonate concentration
pH _____
_____ Paco2
decreased; decreased; normal
16
Hyperventilation is typical respiratory compensatory response in ______
metabolic acidosis
17
Low blood pH stimulates peripheral chemoreceptors
Ventilatory neurons respond to increase rate and depth of respiration
are compensatory responses of _______
metabolic acidosis
18
Results in increased excretion by lungs of carbonic acid (CO2 + water)
a typical compensatory response of ________
metabolic acidosis
19
Does not remove metabolic acids from body
a compensatory response of ______
metabolic acidosis
20
Does change ratio of bicarbonate ions to carbonic acid
Results in compensatory increase in pH
compensatory response of ________
metabolic acidosis
21
In compensated metabolic acidosis, show:
_______ bicarbonate concentration (primary disorder)
______-PaCO2 (compensation)
______ or even normal pH, depending on the degree of compensation
decreased; decreased; decreased
22
Which of the following would be associated with metabolic acidosis?
Central nervous system depression
Increased serum bicarbonate level
Prolonged vomiting or gastric suctioning
pH greater than 7.40
Central nervous system depression
23
Any condition that causes an excess of carbonic acid
Respiratory Acidosis
24
Caused by impaired removal of carbonic acid by the lungs
Respiratory Acidosis
25
Impaired gas exchange
Inadequate neuromuscular function
Impairment of respiratory control in the brainstem
symptoms of impaired removal of ________ from lungs
carbonic acid
26
Decrease the normal 20:1 ratio of bicarbonate ion to carbonic acid
carbonic acid
27
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Pneumonia
Severe asthma
symptoms of _______-
respiratory acidosis
28
Pulmonary edema
Acute (adult) respiratory distress syndrome
symptoms of _________
respiratory acidosis
29
Guillain-Barré syndrome
Chest injury or surgery (pain limits breathing)
symptoms of ________-
respiratory acidosis
30
