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Flashcards in Acid Base Deck (17)
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1
Q

How can you tell that compensation is adequate?

A

Within 3mEq/L HCO3- or 3 mmHg CO2 of the expected value

2
Q

TCO2

A

Bicarb (base)

3
Q

pCO2

A

CO2 (acid)

4
Q

What loss can cause a metabolic alkalosis?

A

Loss of H+ and Cl- rich fluid

Gastric vomiting, GI obstruction, Displaced abomasum, Sweating

5
Q

Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis with Paradoxic Aciduria mechanism

A

Occurs with sequestration of Cl- and H+ (usually in cows with displaced abomasum or excessive sweating in horses)

  1. Because Cl- and H+ are low, bicarb increases (remember Cl- and bicarb levels are inversely related because they are both negative)
  2. Increased bicarb creates alkalosis
  3. More Na in blood is presented to distal tubules (usually the animals are dehydrated, activating RAAS)
  4. Na reabsorption is coupled to either K+ or H+, so in order for the body to retain Na, it would have to excrete K+ or H+
  5. To conserve K+, the body excretes H+ instead. Resulting in acid urine.
6
Q

Hyperventilation causes

A

Respiratory alkalosis

7
Q

Hypoventilation causes

A

Respiratory acidosis

8
Q

What can cause loss of HCO3-? (leading to metabolic acidosis)

A

Diarrhea

Addison’s disease

9
Q

What can cause the addition of acids? (leading to metabolic acidosis)

A

Ketoacidosis
Lactic acidosis
Ethylene glycol
Renal failure

10
Q

Two types of metabolic acidosis

A

Titrational acidosis

Secretional acidosis

11
Q

Titrational acidosis

A

Increased organic acids (bicarb is used up)

Anion gap will be increased

12
Q

Secretional acidosis

A

Loss of bicarb

Anion gap will be normal (body will conserve Cl-)

13
Q

Anion gap formula

A

(Na + K) - (Cl + HCO3)

14
Q

What can cause an increased anion gap (titrational) metabolic acidosis?

A
Excess:
Ketones
Lactic acid
Sulfates
Phosphates
Uremic acids
Ethylene glycol metabolites
15
Q

What type of anion gap is seen with hypoalbuminemia?

A

Low anion gap

16
Q

Secretional acidosis creates a ____ anion gap

A

normal

17
Q

Mixed acidosis/alkalosis will cause a _____ anion gap

A

Increased