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Flashcards in Acid & Base Deck (22)
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1
Q

CO2 is ______ while HCO3 is ______

A

CO2 - Acid

HCO3 - Base

2
Q

Hypoventilation is what imbalance

Hyperventilation?

A

Low RR = acidosis

Increased RR = alkalosis

3
Q

How do kidneys work in regards to acid and HCO3?

A

Acid is excreted by the kidneys through urine and HCO3 is either held onto/retained in the blood or excreted through urine

SLOW process, but efficient

4
Q

Lungs respond ______

A

FAST

5
Q

Causes of RR acidosis

A

Mid abdominal incision (hurts to breathe)
Pain meds, sedatives
Trauma to the lungs

6
Q

Earliest sign of hypoxia

A

RESTLESSNESS

7
Q

Increase CO2 will cause _____ & _____

A

Decrease LOC and Decrease O2

8
Q

Tx RR acidosis

A

Fix breathing issue: antagonist meds, repair trauma, suctioning, elevate HOB, deep breathing/coughing

9
Q

RR alkalosis and lung compensation

A

Need acid because we are losing CO2 so kidneys will excrete HCO3 but retain the H

10
Q

Causes of R alkalosis

A

Hyperventilation
Hysterical
Acute Aspirin OD (stimulate breathing center)

11
Q

S/S of R Alkalosis

A

Light headed, peri-oral numbness, tinging of fingers/toes

12
Q

Tx R alkalosis

A

Calm the pt down - paper bag breathing

May have to sedate the pt

13
Q

Metabolic Acidosis - What is the body doing?

A

The body is retaining Hydrogen or does not have enough HCO3

14
Q

Respiratory rate of M acidosis

A

Kussmauls - increased rate and depth

15
Q

Causes of M acidosis

A

DKA, starvation - body starved for sugar so it will break down protein and fat and produce ketones

renal failure, severe diarrhea

16
Q

S/S M acidosis

A

Depend on the cause
HIGH K
Increased RR to try to remove the acid

17
Q

Tx of M acidosis

A

Treat the cause but you could give IV NaHCO3

18
Q

Metabolic alkalosis - what is the body doing?

A

Retaining too much HCO3 and excreting H (losing too much acid)

19
Q

Causes of M alkalosis

A

Loss of upper GI contents

Too many antacids

20
Q

S/S M alkalosis

A

Depend on cause
LOW K - need to replace
Watch for muscle cramps and arrhythmia

21
Q

Upper GI loss = ______
Lower GI loss = ______
Hemodynamics

A

Alkalosis

Acidosis

22
Q

Potassium in M acidosis and alkalosis

A

M acidosis: ^K

M alkalosis: vK