AC2.1 Explain Forms of Social Control Flashcards

1
Q

What is social control?

A

Social control involves forms of pressures to persuade/compel members of a society to conform to the rules. It refers to any technique or strategy for preventing criminal or deviant behaviour in society.

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2
Q

What are the 2 forms of social control?

A

1) Internal

2) External

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3
Q

What are internal forms of social control?

A
  • forms of control which are inside ourselves

- regulate our own behaviour in keeping with the rules of society.

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4
Q

What are the types of internal social control?

A

1) Conscience
2) Rational Ideology
3) Tradition, Upbringing and Religion
4) Internalisation of Social Rules and Morality

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5
Q

Explain ‘conscience’ as a form of internal social control.

A
  • referred to as ‘moral compass’
  • feelings that tell you what is right or wrong
  • people make decisions based on these feelings
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6
Q

Explain ‘rational ideology’ as a form of internal social control.

A
  • using intelligence to decide what to do

- person uses what they know about social norms to make decision on how to act

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7
Q

Explain ‘tradition, upbringing and religion’ as a form of internal social control.

A
  • usually, these are foundations laid in childhood
  • traditions such as no TV if you get a detention make people rationalize their own behaviour
  • during upbringing, people are told by parents/other family members what is right and wrong and decide what to do based on this information
  • people may also not want to upset their parents/family if they are told by them a certain action is wrong so will not commit it
  • religion tells people sinning is wrong
  • eg Christianity has 10 commandments: ‘thou shalt not kill’ and ‘thou shalt not steal’
  • eg Buddhism and Hinduism teaches karma where bad things will happen to you if you are bad
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8
Q

Explain ‘internalisation of social rules and morality’ as a form of internal social control.

A
  • when a person knows what is right or wrong based upon social values
  • the knowledge of social values guides their decisions
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9
Q

What are external forms of social control?

A
  • forms of control which are outside of our control
  • external pressures to persuade or compel members to conform to rules and expectations
  • exist because internal forms of social control don’t always work
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10
Q

What are the forms of external social control?

A

1) Fear of Punishment
2) Coercion
3) Agents of Social Control

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11
Q

Explain ‘fear of punishment’ as a form of external social control.

A

People will not want to commit crime or go against social norms as they are scared of the punishment they have received before/seen others receive before.

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12
Q

What are the two types of deterrents that come under ‘fear of punishment’?

A

1) Individual deterrence

2) General deterrence

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13
Q

What is individual deterrence?

A

Deterrent aimed at controlling one person.

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14
Q

Give some examples of individual deterrents.

A
  • Suspended sentence

- Conditional discharge

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15
Q

What is general deterrence?

A

Deterrent aimed at controlling lots of people.

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16
Q

Give some examples of general deterrents?

A
  • Life sentence
  • Death penalty
  • Large fine
  • Indeterminate/IPP sentence
  • Mandatory minimums
  • Truth in sentencing
  • Three strikes and you’re out
17
Q

Give an example of a country that has the death penalty.

A
  • China
  • India
  • Alabama
  • Louisiana
  • Texas
18
Q

When were indeterminate/IPP sentences abolished in the UK?

A

2012.

19
Q

What is a ‘mandatory minimum’?

A

A set legal minimum that an individual must serve for a certain crime.

20
Q

Give an example of a mandatory minimum.

A
  • Life for murder.
  • 3 years for 3rd burglary.
  • 7 years for 3rd drug offence.
21
Q

What is ‘truth in sentencing’?

A

A policy whereby a person will carry out the full sentence imposed upon them by a court and will not be released.

22
Q

What is ‘three strikes and you’re out’?

A

This is a US policy where a person will automatically be given a life sentence for their 3rd violent crime.

23
Q

Explain ‘coercion’ as a form of external social control.

A
  • use of force to reach a certain goal.

- final method of social control when all else fails.

24
Q

What are the 2 types of coercion?

A

1) Violent coercion

2) Non-violent coercion

25
Q

Give some examples of violent coercion.

A
  • Injury
  • Imprisonment
  • Death penalty