ABX Paxton Pearls Flashcards Preview

Clinical Pharmacology > ABX Paxton Pearls > Flashcards

Flashcards in ABX Paxton Pearls Deck (24)
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1
Q

Oral contraceptives

A

Recommend back-up BC while on ALL abx

Rifampin is a potent CYP inducer

2
Q

Warfarin

A

Avoid concomitant use if possible or monitor INR more frequently.

INC INR:

  1. all macrolides, TTC, FQ
  2. Metronidazole (2-4x)*
  3. TMP-SMX (2-4x)*

DEC INR:
1. rifampin*

3
Q

Dysrhythmia

A
  1. macrolides (generally all agents); we hate this drug, it’s a drug of desperation
  2. FQs
4
Q

Ototoxicity

A
  1. AGs (gentamicin&raquo_space; vancomycin)
    - permanent sensorineural hearing loss
  2. minocycline
    - transient vestibular dysfunction (dizziness, N/V)
5
Q

Nephrotoxicity

A
  1. AGs –> acute tubular necrosis
    - gentamicin*
  2. Vancomycin
    - problem combined w/other nephrotoxic agent or overweight pt
  3. PCNs (nafcillin > piperacillin) & FQs (cipro)
    - AIN
6
Q

Hepatotoxicity (drug-induced liver injury)

A
  1. Amox/Clav
  2. TMP/SMX
  3. INH > RIF = PZA

Top 10: 9 Abx and Diclofenac
Rash/fever or eosinophilia, onset 1-5 weeks

7
Q

Chemical Phlebitis

A
  1. Nafcillin* - burning, do NOT give peripheral IV
  2. Cefepime
  3. Vancomycin
  4. Clindamycin
8
Q

Disulfiram-Like Rxn

A

Reaction: NVD, abd cramps, flushing, tachycardia, HA

Metronidazole*, consider ETOH interaction

9
Q

Red Man/Neck Syndrome

A

Vancomycin*

Rapid infusion releases histamine (rate issue)

Flushing face, neck, upper torso; wheezing, hypotension possible

Tx: slow infusion and give diphenhydramine

10
Q

Red Lobster Syndrome

A

Rifampin*

Red-orange discoloration of urine, tears, sweat

Pt Ed is crucial

11
Q

Discolored teeth

A

TTCs

Darkening of developing teeth

C.I. in pregnant women/kids < 8

12
Q

Loss of red/green color perception

A

Ethambutol (high dose) –> optic neuritis

13
Q

Yellow baby syndrome

A

Sulfonamides*

Do not use in women near term or neonates

14
Q

K+ Dysregulation

A
  1. Hyperkalemia
    Trimethoprim
    - blocks Na in distal nephron = impaired K excretion
    - TMP-SMX + ACEI/ARB/spironolactone INC risk of hospital admit
2. Hypokalemia
various PCNs (esp nafcillin)
15
Q

CDI

A

Highest prevalence

  • PO aminopenicillins
  • PO cephalosporins

Highest incidence
- clindamycin

16
Q

EBV

A

Diffuse MP, nonurticarial rash

Ampicillin (Mono)

17
Q

Pregnancy Category B

A
  1. B-lactam
  2. Macrolides (azithromycin)
  3. Clindamycin
  4. Fosfomycin
  5. Nitrofurantoin - NOT allowed in the last month
  6. Metronidazole - NOT first tri, only use short course
  7. PO Vancomycin
18
Q

Pregnancy Category C

A
  1. FQ
  2. TMP-SMX
  3. IV Vancomycin
19
Q

Pregnancy Category D

A
  1. AG

2. TTC

20
Q

FAST abx & pregnancy

A

Fluoroquinolones - arthropathy?
Aminoglycosides - possible CN8 toxicity in fetus
Sulfonamides - newborn kernicterus
Tetracyclines - tooth/bone problem for infant

21
Q

Neurotoxicity - seizures

A

PCNs, CPHs, carbapenem

22
Q

Neurotoxicity - psychosis

A

Clarithromycin

23
Q

Neurotoxicity - insomnia

A

FQ

24
Q

Neurotoxicity - encephalopathy

A

Metronidazole