Unilateral or Bilateral Cleft Lip
Failure of fusion of the maxillary prominence with the medial nasal prominence
Oblique Facial Cleft
1) Oro-auricular type - lateral part of mouth toward the auricle
2) Oro-orbital type - Mouth toward medial edge or orbit
Both result from failure of fusion between maxillary and lateral nasal prominences
Median Cleft Lip (hare lip)
Persistence of the groove between the adjacent medial nasal prominences
3 causes of cleft palates
1) Tongue fails to move inferiorly during the time of palatal process elevation and fusion
2) Cysts can form from the peristence of epithelial reminants formed during fusion
3) Mechanisms that cause impediment of shelf force (force that extends secondary palate shelves)
Mandibulofacial dystosis
1) Clefts of structures derived from arch 1
2) Downward slanting palpebral fissures
3) Deafness and lower lid coloboma
4) hypoplastic zygomatic and mandible bones
Maxillary Hypoplasia
Hypoplasia of the midface area with hypertelorism and coronoal suture syntosis
Mandibular Hypoplasia
1) A small lower jaw
2) Glossoptosis (abnormal downward or back displacement of tongue)
3) cleft palate
CHARGE
Coloboma, Heart Defects, Atresia, Retardation, Genital hypoplasia, Ear anomalies
Holoprosencephaly
Defect in bilateralization of the forebrain and a defect in occular development (Cyclopia)
Aperts Syndrome
Presence of tower shaped skull
Accutane Induced Facial Dysplasia
First pharyngeal arch defects, ear anomalies, skin problems, cleft lip and palate
Lateral Facial Dysplasia
1st and 2nd arch syndrome
Dacryostenosis
Blockage of nasolacrimal duct
DiGeorge Syndrome
Insufficent Neural crest migration