Abnormal Behavior and Treatments of it Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Abnormal Behavior and Treatments of it Deck (33)
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1
Q

What is the name for an event that triggers the onset of a disorder?

A

precipitating cause

2
Q

Name the four components that characterize abnormal behavior.

A

unusual
maladaptive to situational functioning
labeled as abnormal in society
characterized by perceptual or cognitive dysfunction

3
Q

Which psychological disorder is characterized by physical symptoms without root in actual physical causes?

A

somatoform disorder

4
Q

According to the psychoanalytic perspective, what is responsible for the manifestation of a somatoform disorder?

A

bottled-up emotional energy that is transformed into physical symptoms

5
Q

Aaron Beck proposed the idea of the cognitive triad. What is it?

A

the combination of negative thoughts surrounding the self, the future, and the world that cause a patient’s depression.

6
Q

In the medical model of abnormal behavior, what is defined as the apparent cause and development of an illness?

A

etiology

7
Q

What is an organic disorder? Give an example.

A

An organic disorder is caused by damage to brain tissue, resulting most often from diseases or chemicals.

Examples:

dementia and Alzheimer’s disease

8
Q

What is the difference between retrograde and anterograde amnesia?

A

In retrograde amnesia, one loses memories that occurred before the traumatic event; in anterograde amnesia, one loses memories occurring after the traumatic event.

9
Q

Which of the following disorders would be found on Axis I of the DSM-IV-TR:

histrionic personality disorder
schizophrenia
mental retardation

A

schizophrenia

Major disorders are found on Axis I, while personality disorders and mental retardation are found on Axis II.

10
Q

What is a predisposing cause?

A

environmental or genetic influence that exists before the onset of the disorder; increases vulnerability to the disorder

11
Q

Which psychological disorder is characterized by physical symptoms without root in actual physical causes?

A

somatoform disorder

12
Q

What does Axis V of the DSM-IV-TR assess?

A

general level of functioning

13
Q

What is a diagnostic hallmark of conversion disorder?

A

symptoms that are real to the patient but have no apparent medical cause

14
Q

Which psychopathological approach aims to correct abnormal behavior by changing the faulty or illogical thoughts that characterize it?

A

cognitive approach

15
Q

What does a person with agoraphobia fear?

A

public places

16
Q

Name two well-known somatoform disorders.

A

conversion disorders

hypochondriasis

17
Q

What is the dopamine hypothesis?

A

a theory about the onset of Schizophrenia

Evidence:

antipsychotic drugs, which are dopamine antagonists, reduce schizophrenic symptoms
when patients with Parkinson’s disease are treated with excessive L-dopa, a dopamine agonist, schizophrenia-like thoughts can occur

18
Q

What do social theorists believe is the cause for somatoform disorders?

A

too much focus on internal physiological experiences, amplifying bodily sensations, and forming disastrous conclusions about minor complaints

19
Q

What two factors characterize disorganized schizophrenia?

A

incoherent speech

inappropriate or flat emotional affect

20
Q

What are the three clusters of personality disorders, as delineated in the DSM-IV-TR?

A

odd/eccentric
dramatic/emotionally problematic
chronic fearfulness/avoidant

21
Q

Q.

Define manifest content as it relates to psychoanalysis.

A

A.

surface information recalled about a dream

22
Q

Define latent content as it relates to psychoanalysis.

A

hidden, underlying meaning of content in dreams

23
Q

Projecting emotional feelings onto the psychoanalyst is known as __________.

A

transference

24
Q

Define catharsis as it relates to psychoanalysis.

A

the release of emotional tension and anxiety after reliving an emotionally charged experience

25
Q

Humanistic therapy provides an atmosphere of acceptance, known as __________.

A

unconditional positive regard

26
Q

Who invented client-centered therapy?

A

Carl Rogers

27
Q

The emphasis on organizing the world in a meaningful way is a principle of __________ psychology.

A

Gestalt

28
Q

Who created Gestalt therapy?

A

Fritz Perls

29
Q

List three types of classical conditioning.

A

systematic desensitization
flooding
aversive conditioning

30
Q

operant conditioning

A

rewards are used to reinforce target behavior

31
Q

__________ created Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy, while __________ developed the cognitive triad.

A

Albert Ellis; Aaron Beck

32
Q

What type of therapy aims to relieve present symptoms by focusing on the patient’s current situation?

A

interpersonal therapy

33
Q

What drug is used to treat bipolar disorder?l

A

lithium carbonate