A&P exam 5 ch 14 and 15

Question 1

*structures of upper respiratory tract

Answer 1

nose, pharynx, and larynx

Question 2

*structures of lower respiratory tract

Answer 2

trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs

Question 3

role of surfactant

Answer 3

is a substance made by the lungs to help reduce the surface tension of water in the aveoli

Question 4

*role and location of respiratory mucosa

Answer 4

membrane lines most of the air distribution tubes, does NOT include AVEOLI
DEFENSE air purification mechanism by trapping inspired irritants such as dust and pollen
*CILIA on mucosal cells beat in only one direction, moving mucus UPWARD to the pharynx for removal.

Question 5

*location of adams apple

Answer 5

in the larynx has several pieces of cartilage that form its framework. The largest THYROID CARTILAGE is the Adam’s apple

Question 6

*what happens to the thorax during inspiration vs expiration

Answer 6

INSPIRATION(active process) increases the top-to-bottom length
DIAGPHRAM CONTRACTS to drop lower

EXPIRATION(passive process) returns to its resting size and shape
DIAGPHRAM RELAXES bounces back to original position

Question 7

tidal volume

TV

Answer 7

amount of air breathed in and out with each breath

*500mL

Question 8

respiratory center in the brain is what

Answer 8

medulla

Question 9

eupnea

Answer 9

normal respiration

Question 10

accessory organ of the GI system

Answer 10

teeth, tongue, gallbladder, salivary glands, liver and pancreas

Question 11

layers of digestive tract

Answer 11

1-mucosa-mucous epithelium
2-submucosa-connective tissue
3-muscularis-2 layers of smooth muscle/ paristalsis
4-serosa-serous membrane, covers outside of the abdominal organs. It attaches the digestive tract to the wall of the abdominopelvic cavity by forming folds called mesenteries.

Question 12

largest salivary gland is what

Answer 12

parotid glands

Question 13

sequence of small intestine parts

Answer 13

1-duodenum
2-jejunum
3-ileum

Question 14

what stomach part joins w the small intestine parts

Answer 14

pylorus

Question 15

function of the bile

Answer 15

to emulsify fats

produced by the liver

Question 16

enzymes do what

Answer 16

during chemical digestion certain enzymes very selectively speed up the breakdown of specific nutrient molecules and no others
-ase

Question 17

amylase is made where

Answer 17

enzymes that digest carbohydrates

is made in salivary gland and the pancreas

Question 18

pepsin and conversion

Answer 18

pepsin partially digests proteins

pepsinogen is converted into active pepsin enzyme by hydrochloric acid

Question 19

end products of carbohydrates digestion is where

Answer 19

are the monosaccharides; the most abundant is glucose

Question 20

role of trypsin

Answer 20

The pancreatic enzyme, trypsin, continues the digestion of proteins. Intestinal enzymes, peptidases, complete digestion of partially digested proteins and convert them to amino acids

Question 21

protein digestion begins where

Answer 21

in the stomach and is completed in the small intestine. The gastric juice enzyme, pepsin, partially digests proteins.

Question 22

fat digestion begins where

Answer 22

most fats are undigested until after emulsificaion by bile in the duodenum

Question 23

bile does what?

Answer 23

emulsify fats

Question 24

lipase?

Answer 24

fat digesting enzymes

lipase is made in the pancreas

Question 25

GI layers from inside to outside are what

Answer 25

1-mucosa or mucous membrane
2-submucosa
3-muscularis
4-serosa

Question 26

bile is drained in what tube from the liver

Answer 26

The HEPATIC DUCT drains bile from the liver,
into the CYSTIC DUCT by which bile enters and leaves the gallbladder which drains bile into the duodenum. The gallbladder stores the bile produced in the liver.

Question 27

with forceful expiration

Answer 27

expiratory muscles used are the internal intercostals and abdominal muscles

Question 28

*the most important muscle in respiration is the

Answer 28

diaphragm

where the base of the lungs rest*

Question 29

nasal septum

Answer 29

separates the interior of nose into two cavities

Question 30

at the alveoli level

Answer 30

exchange of gases between air and blood

Question 31

epiglottis

Answer 31

closes over the trachea when you swallow
trap door
and opens for suctioning when you cough

Question 32

glotis*

Answer 32

open space between vocal cords

the epiglotis is above it

Question 33

trachia cartilage

Answer 33

are C shaped rings

Question 34

Absorption is

Answer 34

the process by which digested food moves from the intestine into blood or lymph.

Question 35

The large intestine is divided into

Answer 35

• cecum,RLQ, chyme turns into feces at this point
• colon, and
• rectum.

Question 36

The colon has four parts

Answer 36

ascending,
transverse,
descending,
sigmoid

Question 37

tooth enamel

Answer 37

which covers the crown, is the hardest tissue in body

we have 32 permanent teeth

Question 38

What structure increases and decreases gas exchange in the lungs

Answer 38

Alvioli