A&P Digestive Anatomy Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in A&P Digestive Anatomy Deck (69)
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1
Q

Name of groups of the digestive system

A

Alimentary canal and Accessory digestive organs

2
Q

Alimentary canal performs what digestive functions

A

ingests, digests, absorbs and defecates

3
Q

Accessory organs are what and do what

A

teeth, tongue, and large digestive glands and they assist

4
Q

Alimentary canal is AKA

A

GI tract

5
Q

Alimentary canal is what?

A

Coiled hollow muscular tube that starts at the mouth and ends at the anus

6
Q

What organs, in correct order, are a part of the alimentary canal?

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine

7
Q

Mouth is AKA

A

oral cavity

8
Q

Mouth is lined with?

A

mucus membrane

9
Q

Anatomy of the mouth

A

lips protect net rigor opening
cheeks form lateral walls
hard palate forms anterior roof and
soft palate forms roof

10
Q

uvula is?

A

fingerlike projection of the soft palate

11
Q

Vestibule is:

A

the space between lips, cheeks and teeth

12
Q

Area contained by teeth is called

A

oral cavity proper

13
Q

lingual frenulum is?

A

fold of mucus membrane that secures tongue to floor of mouth and limits posterior movements

14
Q

Pharynx contains what two parts

A

oropharynx and laryngopharynx

15
Q

Mouth passes food from where to where

A

into the oropharynx into the laryngopharynx

16
Q

esophagus runs from where through to where

A

from pharynx through the diaphragm to the stomach

17
Q

Esophagus is essentially a

A

passageway that conducts food to the stomach

18
Q

Four layers that make up the walls of the esophagus and stomach

A

1) mucosa
2) submucosa
3) muscularis externa
4) serosa

19
Q

Mucosa

A

innermost layer that lines ST and Eso. Lumen. consists mainly of surface epithelium, small amount of connective tissue and a scanty smooth layer

20
Q

submucosa

A

found just beneath mucosa and is a soft CT layer, containing blood vessels, nerve endings, MALT and lymphatic vessels

21
Q

muscularis externa

A

muscular layer made up of inner circular and outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle

22
Q

serosa

A

outer most layer of the wall, single flat layer of serous fluid producing cells known as the visceral peritoneum. Connected to the silpery parietal peritoneum which line the ab cavity

23
Q

Alimentary canal wall contains two important intrinsic nerve plexuses

A

Submucosal nerve plexus
myenteric nerve plexus
part of ANS and help regulate mobility and secretory activity of GI tract

24
Q

Stomach is ________ shaped

A

C

25
Q

Stomach sits on the _____________ side of the AB cavity

A

left

26
Q

Chyme is

A

simifluid mixture that results from the stomach breaking food down into small particles and mixing it with gastric juice

27
Q

chyme leaves the stomach and enters the ________ by passing through the ______ ______

A

duodenum and pyloric sphincter and greater curvature

28
Q

4 sections of the stomach

A

cardia
fundus
body
pylourus

29
Q

rugae

A

wrinkles in the mucosa and submucosa of the stomach when the stomach is empty

30
Q

Gastric pits are located where

A

in the gastric mucosa

31
Q

Gastric pits have what that opens up in the bottom

A

gastric glads that secrete the various components of gastric juice

32
Q

mucous cells job

A

secrete mucus which protects the stomach lining and keeps the stomach from digesting itself

33
Q

parietal sells

A

secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor which is necessary for the absorption of vit B12. it also kills microbes in swallowed food

34
Q

chief cells

A

secrete digestive enzymens such as pepsinogen

35
Q

edteroendocrine cells

A

secrete the hormone ghrelin which stimulates the hypothalamus to increase appetite and gastrin which influences digestive function

36
Q

ghrelin

A

homorone that stimulates the hypothalamus to increase appetite

37
Q

gastrin

A

hormone that influences digestive function

38
Q

duodenum

A

first 10 inches of the SI. receives chyme from the ST and well as pancreatic juice and bile. ST acid is neutralized and enzymes begin chemical digestion

39
Q

jejunum

A

8 feet of SI. many large closely spaced folds and projections give the jej an enourmous surface area. ideal for nutrient absorption

40
Q

ileum

A

last 12 feet of SI. Thinner and less blood then previous parts. Contains peyers patches

41
Q

Pyloric sphincter means

A

gate keeper

42
Q

Peristalis

A

wave like movement that moves digested material along the GI tract

43
Q

Segmentation

A

ring like constrictions that break up food particles and kneads the contents of the intestines with digestive juices

44
Q

intestinal lining-circular folds

A

slow the progress of chyme and increase contact with mucosa.

45
Q

microvilli

A

small projections from plasma membrane of mucosa cells and complete the digestion of proteins and carbs in SI

46
Q

Villi

A

fingerlike projections, which have large capillary bed and lymphatic capillary which absorb some digested foodstuffs

47
Q

SI can only digest

A

small amounts of food at a time

48
Q

LI extends from

A

ileoceacal valve to anus

49
Q

major function of the LI

A

to dry out the indigestible food residue by absorbing water and eliminate residues from body as feces

50
Q

Subdivisions of the LI

A

cecum, appendix, colon, rectum and anal canal

51
Q

Cecum

A

sac-like first part of the LI

52
Q

Appendix

A

hands from the cecum which is twisted which makes an ideal location for bacteria to accumulate and multiply

53
Q

Colon divisions

A
ascending 
right colic/hepatic flexure
transverse colon
left colic/splenic flexure
descending colon
S shaped sigmoid colon
54
Q

ascending colon

A

travels up right side of the ab

55
Q

transverse colon

A

travels across the ab cavity

56
Q

descending colon

A

enters the pelvis

57
Q

Sigmoid colon

A

s-shaped part interior to the pelvis

58
Q

Liver

A

body’s largest gland

59
Q

liver has _____ number lobes

A

4

60
Q

Which of the liver’s lobes are visable from an anterior view

A

right and left

61
Q

which of the liver’s lobes are visable from behind?

A

caudate lobe and quadrate lobe

62
Q

what seperates the right and left liver lobes

A

falciform ligament, also serves to anchor the liver to the ab wall

63
Q

Digestive function of the liver

A

to produe bile

64
Q

Bile:

A

yellow to green, wtery solution containing bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, phospholipids and a variety of electorlytes

65
Q

What liver product aid in digestion

A

bile salts and phospholipids

66
Q

how does bile salts work

A

they emulsify fats by providing more surface area for fat digesting enzymes to work

67
Q

Gallbladder is a

A

small green sac that snuggles in a fossa in the interior surface of the liver

68
Q

gallbladder stores

A

extra bile

69
Q

Pancreas

A

Soft pink triangular
extends across abdomen from spleen to duodenum
produces enzymes that break down ALL categories of food
produces insulin and glucagon