A&P - Chapter 7 (Part 1) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in A&P - Chapter 7 (Part 1) Deck (32)
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1
Q

Cell growth

A

Depends on using genetic information in DNA to make the structural and functional proteins needed for cell survival

2
Q

What does cell reproduction ensure?

A

It ensures that genetic information is passed from one generation to the next

3
Q

What is the difference between cell growth and development?

A

Cell growth is physically getting bigger when development is becoming more mature

4
Q

What are the last 3 months of pregnancy mostly concerning?

A

Growth

5
Q

What does DNA contain?

A

Genetic information

6
Q

What does DNA determine?

A

The expression of heritable traits

7
Q

What does the structure look like for DNA? (3)

A
  1. Long
  2. Narrow
  3. Spiral staircase
    - double helix
8
Q

What makes up a gene?

A

Codons

- 3 of them

9
Q

What are the building blocks of DNA?

A

Nucleotides

10
Q

What 3 things make up a nucleotide?

A
  1. Sugar
    - deoxyribose
  2. Base pair
  3. Phosphate
11
Q

Complementary base pairing

A

When A matches with T and G matches with C in protein synthesis

12
Q

Gene

A

A specific segment/sequence of base pairs within a DNA molecule

13
Q

What do genes do?

A

They dictate the formation of enzymes and other proteins by ribosomes

14
Q

What does each gene direct? (2)

A
  1. RNA production

2. Protein synthesis

15
Q

How many base pairs are in a human gene?

A

1000 base pairs

16
Q

Genetic code

A

The storage of information in each gene

17
Q

Where does protein synthesis occur?

A

In the cytoplasm

18
Q

How does the master code for making protein get out of the nucleus?

A

Various types of RNA

- transcription and translation

19
Q

What makes up RNA? (3)

A
  1. Sugar
    - ribose
  2. Phosphate
  3. Nitrogen bases
20
Q

What are the various types of RNA? (3)

A
  1. mRNA
  2. tRNA
  3. rRNA
21
Q

mRNA

A

Convey’s genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression

22
Q

tRNA

A

Helps decode a mRNA sequence into a protein

23
Q

rRNA

A

Is the RNA component of the ribosome, which is essential for protein synthesis in all living organisms

24
Q

What 2 specialized processes does RNA play a major role?

A
  1. Transcription

2. Translation

25
Q

Where does transcription occur?

A

In the nucleus between DNA and RNA

26
Q

Where does translation occur?

A

In the cytoplasm

- involves mRNA, tRNA and rRNA

27
Q

What happens in transcription? (3)

A
  1. Double stranded DNA unwinds/unzips
  2. Single stranded mRNA forms along a segment of one strand of the unzipped DNA
  3. mRNA is edited and moves into the cytoplasm
28
Q

What does transcription do compared to translation?

A

Transcription tells you what to do, compared to translation which does what it is told

29
Q

What happens in translation? (4)

A
  1. After leaving the nucleus and being edited, mRNA associates with a ribosome (which contains rRNA) in the cytoplasm
  2. rTNA then brings specific amino acids to the mRNA at the ribosome
  3. As amino acids are brought into place, peptide bonds join them
  4. Resulting in the creating of a polypeptide chain
    - protein
30
Q

What determines the type of amino acid? (2)

A
  1. Codon

2. Anticodon

31
Q

Codon

A

A sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule

32
Q

Anticodon

A

A sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA

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