A&P - Chapter 40 (Part 3) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in A&P - Chapter 40 (Part 3) Deck (29)
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1
Q

What is fat broken down into? (2)

A
  1. Glycerol

2. Fatty acids

2
Q

What must happen to fats before getting digested?

A

Emulsified by bile

3
Q

What does bile contain?

A

No enzymes

4
Q

Pancreatic lipase

A

Changes emulsified fats to fatty acids and glycerol in the small intestine

5
Q

Digestive secretions

A

The release of various substances from the exocrine glands that serve the digestive system

6
Q

What are examples of digestive secretions? (5)

A
  1. Saliva
  2. Gastric juice
  3. Pancreatic juice
  4. Bile
  5. Intestinal juice
7
Q

What is saliva secreted by?

A

Salivary glands

8
Q

What does saliva contain? (2)

A
  1. Mucus
  2. Enzymes
    - mostly amylase
9
Q

What does mucus from the saliva do?

A

Lubricates and mixes with food

10
Q

What is the main enzyme in saliva?

A

Amylase

11
Q

What pH does amylase function best at?

A

Alkaline

- acidic

12
Q

What is gastric juice secreted by?

A

Exocrine gastric glands in the stomach

13
Q

Pepsin

A

Protease that begins digestion of proteins

14
Q

HCl

A

Decreases pH of chyme to a level that activates and optimizes pepsin activity

15
Q

What is required for vitamin B12 absorption?

A

Intrinsic factors

16
Q

What does mucus and water do? (3)

A
  1. Lubricate
  2. Protect
  3. Help with the mixing of chyme
17
Q

What secretes pancreatic juices?

A

The exocrine parts of the pancreas

18
Q

What are the enzymes that the pancreas secretes? (4)

A
  1. Proteases
  2. Lipases
  3. Nucleases
  4. Amylase
19
Q

What does the pancreas secrete?

A

Sodium bicarbonate

20
Q

What does sodium bicarbonate do? (3)

A
  1. Buffers stomach contents that enter into the duodenum
  2. Increase pH for optimum enzyme function
  3. Plays a role in maintaining blood pH
21
Q

Where is bile secreted? Store?

A
  1. Liver

2. GB

22
Q

What does bile contain?

A
  1. Lecithin
  2. Bile salts
  • which emulsify fat in preparation for digestion by lipases
23
Q

What is an unique property of bile?

A

Hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties

- micelles

24
Q

What is the release of bile initiated by?

A

The presence of fat in chyme

25
Q

What does the detection of fat in chyme stimulate the release of?

A

The hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) from the duodenum’s intestinal mucosa
- CCK –> contraction of the GB –> bile is secreted into the duodenum

26
Q

What is intestinal juices secreted by?

A

Cells of the intestinal exocrine glands

27
Q

What does sodium bicarbonate do?

A

It increases the pH to optimize enzyme function

28
Q

What is salivary secretion controlled by?

A

Reflex mechanism

- stimulated from the presence of food

29
Q

What stimuli is involved with salivary secretions?

A
  1. Olfactory

2. Visual

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