A&P - Chapter 36 (Part 2) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in A&P - Chapter 36 (Part 2) Deck (18)
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1
Q

What does regulation of ventilation permit?

A

The body to adjust to varying demands for oxygen supply and carbon dioxide removal

2
Q

What does the respiratory control centers do?

A

Stimulate muscles of respiratory system with nervous impulses

3
Q

Where is the respiratory control centre located? (2)

A
  1. Medulla

2. Pons

4
Q

What are the most important respiratory control centres in the medulla? (2)

A
  1. Inspiratory center

2. Expiratory centre

5
Q

What is the normal/resting respiration rate?

A

12-18 breaths/min

6
Q

What is the medulla’s respiratory control centres influenced by?

A
  1. Cerebral cortex
    - voluntary but limited
  2. Receptors
    - involuntary
7
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Individual can change respiration characteristics voluntarily
eg. singing, swimming, blowing balloon, etc.

8
Q

What are 2 types of ventilation receptors?

A
  1. Chemoreceptors

2. Pulmonary stretch receptors

9
Q

Where are chemorecpetors for ventilation located?

A

In carotid and aortic bodies

10
Q

What do chemoreceptors for ventilation do?

A

They respond to changes in O2, CO2 and pH blood levels

11
Q

Where are pulmonary stretch receptors located?

A

Throughout the pulmonary airways

- including alveoli

12
Q

What do pulmonary stretch receptors do?

A

Prevent lungs from over-inflating

13
Q

Eupnea

A

Normal breathing

14
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Rapid and deep respirations

15
Q

Hypoventilation

A

Slow and shallow respirations

16
Q

Dyspnea

A

Labored or difficult respirations

17
Q

Apnea

A

Stopped respirations

18
Q

Respiratory arrest

A

Failure to resume breathing after a period of apnea

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