A&P - Chapter 27 (Part 4) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in A&P - Chapter 27 (Part 4) Deck (28)
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1
Q

Why are there no antibodies in the blood that are the same as the self antigen on the RBC?

A

It would cause agglutination and clot

2
Q

What is considered an additional antigen?

A

Rh antigen

3
Q

What does Rh antigen do?

A

Its what makes a blood type positive or negative

4
Q

Rh positive

A

Rh antigen is present in plasma membrane of RBC

5
Q

Rh negative

A

Rh antigen is not present in the plasma membrane of RBC

6
Q

What system does Rh system have the same principles as?

A

ABO system

- avoids antibody/antigen reactions

7
Q

What is important to consider in blood transfusions?

A

Rh antigens

8
Q

What are naturally present in the plasma?

A

No anti Rh antibodies

9
Q

When do anti Rh antibodies appear in the plasma of Rh negative people?

A

If Rh positive RBCs have been introduced into their bodies

10
Q

What is crucial in blood transfusions in order to avoid agglutination?

A

Matching the appropriate blood types

11
Q

What blood type is the universal donor?

A

O-

12
Q

Why is O the universal blood type?

A

It has no antigens in their plasma membrane

13
Q

What is the blood type for a universal recipient?

A

AB+

14
Q

Why is AB+ the universal recipient blood type?

A

It has no anti-A or anti-B or anti-Rh antibodies in its plasma membrane

15
Q

What blood type can be used in emergency situations?

A

O-

16
Q

Erythroblastosis fetalis

A

The abnormal presence of erythroblasts in the blood

17
Q

When does erythroblastosis fetalis most common occur? (4)

A
  1. When the mother is Rh-
  2. When then father is Rh+
  3. When the baby inherits the father’s Rh+ trait
  4. When the mother carries a second Rh+ fetus ***
18
Q

What does not naturally occur in the plasma?

A

Anti-Rh antibodies

19
Q

How do anti-Rh antibodies appear in the blood plasma?

A

If Rh+ blood cells are introduced into an Rh- persons body

20
Q

What doesnt normally occur between the mother and baby during pregnancy?

A

Mixing of each others blood

- but it can happen (during devlivery)

21
Q

What leads to erythroblastosis fetalis?

A

Agglutination of fetal Rh positive RBCs

22
Q

What does the mothers immune system consider?

A

The baby’s Rh+ RBCs as a pathogen of sorts and so will make anti-Rh antibodies against them

23
Q

What can anti-Rh antibodies do when they cross back through the placenta into the baby’s blood?

A

Destroy the baby’s circulating RBCs

24
Q

Why are first born infants from first time pregnancies often not affected by erythroblastosis fetalis?

A

Because it takes the mother some time to develop the anti-Rh antibodies
- all babies she has afterwards who inherit the Rh+ trait from the father are at risk

25
Q

How can erythroblastosis fetalis be diagnosed and prevented?

A

By administration of a protein called RhoGAM

26
Q

What does RhoGAM do?

A

Prevents the mother’s body from forming anti-Rh antibodies

27
Q

What substance is released when RBCs are destroyed/broken down?

A

Bilirubin

28
Q

What does bilirubin do?

A

Turns the baby yellow

- jaundice

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