A&P - Chapter 18 (Part 4) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in A&P - Chapter 18 (Part 4) Deck (24)
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1
Q

What is another name for nerve impulses?

A

Action potentials

2
Q

What are nerve impulses constantly being conducted from over neuron pathways? (2)

A
  1. Receptors

2. Effectors

3
Q

Reflex arch

A

Is a specialized neuron pathway that results in a rapid involuntary or autonomic response to a stimulus

4
Q

What is an automatic response to a stimulus called?

A

A reflex

5
Q

What are 2 types of reflex responses?

A
  1. Contraction by a muscle

2. Secretion by a gland

6
Q

What are the 5 components to a reflex arch?

A
  1. A receptor
  2. Sensory/afferent neuron
  3. CNS
  4. Motor/efferent neuron
  5. Effector
7
Q

What does a receptor do? (2)

A
  1. Detects change

2. Generates nerve impulses

8
Q

Where are interneurons located?

A

In the CNS

9
Q

What is the effector?

A

Its a muscle that performs the action and manifests the effect

10
Q

What is the difference between a 2 and 3 neuron arch? (2)

A
  1. 2 neuron arch only has a sensory and motor neuron

2. 3 neuron arch has many neuron connections

11
Q

What is another name for a 2 neuron arch?

A

Monosynaptic

12
Q

What is another name for a 3 neuron arch?

A

Poly-synaptic

13
Q

What does a two neuron arch consist of?

A

Sensory neurons synapsing in the spinal cord with motor neurons
- simplest reflex arch

14
Q

What does two neuron arches not have?

A

Interneurons

15
Q

What does a three neuron arch consist of?

A

Sensory neurons synapsing in the spinal cord with interneurons that synapse with motor neurons

16
Q

Where are interneurons located?

A

Entirely within the gray matter of the brain or spinal cord

17
Q

What happens if the sensory information is more threatening?

A

The information is more likely to get sent to the brain for more complex processing and integration

18
Q

Where are receptor/sensory neurons located?

A

In the dorsal root ganglion and ends in the posterior horn of the gray matter
- dendrite –> cell body –> axon

19
Q

Synapse

A

Microscopic space between neurons where neurotransmitters are release in order to promote the nerve impulse onto the next neuron

20
Q

Where is the motor neuron?

A

In the ventral root

- synapse at neuromuscular or neuroglandular junctions

21
Q

Are 2 neuron relex arcs learned or unlearned?

A

Unlearned

- true reflexes

22
Q

What do 3 neuron arcs respond to?

A

Injury or pain

- withdrawal reflex

23
Q

What do 3 neuron arcs provide?

A

An automatic reaction that occurs quickly to ensure survival

24
Q

Can reflexes occur before you are even conscious of the stimulus/pain?

A

Yes

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