Def. ribosome and 2 types
Organelles that synthesize proteins (fixed and free)
Def. proteasome
Organelle that eliminate dysfunctional or diseased proteins created by ribosomes; quality check for ribosomes
Def. flagella
Tail on sperm cells, used for propulsion of cell
Def. interstitial fluid
Fluid between cells
Def. cytoplasm
Fluid inside cells
Def. microvilli
Increase surface area of cells to allow nutrient absorption
Def. centrioles
Move DNA during dividing process
Def. cilia
Defensive mechanism, move/remove debris, take energy from ATP
Def. lysosomes
Removes damaged organelles or pathogens inside cells
Def. golgi apparatus
Stores, alters and packages secretory products, forms lysosomes
Def. endoplasmic reticulum
Network of membranous channels throughout cytoplasm; provides intracellular storage and transport
Def. nucleus
Control center of cell
Def. nucleoli
Creates functional ribosomes
Def. peroxisomes
Catabolize fats and other organic compounds; neutralize toxins from this process
Def. mitochondria
Produce 95% of ATP generated in cell; powerhouse of cell
Def. cell membrane
protects cell, controls entrance/exit of materials
What is diffusion? (and what type of transport system?)
Movement across concentration gradient FROM AREA OF HIGH CONCENTRATION TO AREA OF LOW CONCENTRATION (passive transport system = no energy required)
What is facilitated diffusion? and give example
type of diffusion that occurs when molecule is too large to diffuse; example of glucose entering cell (carrier mediated transport)
What is osmosis?
Type of diffusion, FROM AREA OF LOW CONCENTRATION TO AREA OF HIGH CONCENTRATION
What does osmosis involve?
Water
Why does water move from low to high concentration?
It likes to dilute
3 types of solution (and effect it will have on RBC)
- Isotonic: normal, no net movement of RBC
- Hypertonic: contains more dissolved solutes than RBC (because water wants to dilute, will move from RBC to solution and RBC will shrivel)
- Hypotonic: contains fewer dissolved solutes than RBC (because water wants to dilute, will move from solute to RBC and RBC will swell)
Def. crenation vs. hemolysis
Crenation = RBC shriveling, hemolysis = RBC swelling
2 examples of isotonic/crystalloid solutions?
Lactated ringer’s / saline
2 types of carrier mediated transport?
Active (energy required) and passive (no energy required)
What is vehicular transport?
Materials move into or out of cells in vesicles
Def. endocytosis and exocytosis
Endocytosis (materials imported into the cell) and exocytosis (materials discharged into the extracellular environment)
Life cycle of an RBC?
120 days
Cells that have centrioles do what?
Divide through mytosis
Cell division phases (and period between cell division?)
Between = interphase, then
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telephase
Why do cells divide?
To replace old or damaged cells
What is cancer?
Uncontrolled cell division, exceeds death of cells = tumors
What is metastasis?
Cancer spreading into other organ systems