A&P CH3 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in A&P CH3 Deck (33)
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1
Q

Def. ribosome and 2 types

A

Organelles that synthesize proteins (fixed and free)

2
Q

Def. proteasome

A

Organelle that eliminate dysfunctional or diseased proteins created by ribosomes; quality check for ribosomes

3
Q

Def. flagella

A

Tail on sperm cells, used for propulsion of cell

4
Q

Def. interstitial fluid

A

Fluid between cells

5
Q

Def. cytoplasm

A

Fluid inside cells

6
Q

Def. microvilli

A

Increase surface area of cells to allow nutrient absorption

7
Q

Def. centrioles

A

Move DNA during dividing process

8
Q

Def. cilia

A

Defensive mechanism, move/remove debris, take energy from ATP

9
Q

Def. lysosomes

A

Removes damaged organelles or pathogens inside cells

10
Q

Def. golgi apparatus

A

Stores, alters and packages secretory products, forms lysosomes

11
Q

Def. endoplasmic reticulum

A

Network of membranous channels throughout cytoplasm; provides intracellular storage and transport

12
Q

Def. nucleus

A

Control center of cell

13
Q

Def. nucleoli

A

Creates functional ribosomes

14
Q

Def. peroxisomes

A

Catabolize fats and other organic compounds; neutralize toxins from this process

15
Q

Def. mitochondria

A

Produce 95% of ATP generated in cell; powerhouse of cell

16
Q

Def. cell membrane

A

protects cell, controls entrance/exit of materials

17
Q

What is diffusion? (and what type of transport system?)

A

Movement across concentration gradient FROM AREA OF HIGH CONCENTRATION TO AREA OF LOW CONCENTRATION (passive transport system = no energy required)

18
Q

What is facilitated diffusion? and give example

A

type of diffusion that occurs when molecule is too large to diffuse; example of glucose entering cell (carrier mediated transport)

19
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Type of diffusion, FROM AREA OF LOW CONCENTRATION TO AREA OF HIGH CONCENTRATION

20
Q

What does osmosis involve?

A

Water

21
Q

Why does water move from low to high concentration?

A

It likes to dilute

22
Q

3 types of solution (and effect it will have on RBC)

A
  1. Isotonic: normal, no net movement of RBC
  2. Hypertonic: contains more dissolved solutes than RBC (because water wants to dilute, will move from RBC to solution and RBC will shrivel)
  3. Hypotonic: contains fewer dissolved solutes than RBC (because water wants to dilute, will move from solute to RBC and RBC will swell)
23
Q

Def. crenation vs. hemolysis

A

Crenation = RBC shriveling, hemolysis = RBC swelling

24
Q

2 examples of isotonic/crystalloid solutions?

A

Lactated ringer’s / saline

25
Q

2 types of carrier mediated transport?

A

Active (energy required) and passive (no energy required)

26
Q

What is vehicular transport?

A

Materials move into or out of cells in vesicles

27
Q

Def. endocytosis and exocytosis

A

Endocytosis (materials imported into the cell) and exocytosis (materials discharged into the extracellular environment)

28
Q

Life cycle of an RBC?

A

120 days

29
Q

Cells that have centrioles do what?

A

Divide through mytosis

30
Q

Cell division phases (and period between cell division?)

A

Between = interphase, then

  1. Prophase
  2. Metaphase
  3. Anaphase
  4. Telephase
31
Q

Why do cells divide?

A

To replace old or damaged cells

32
Q

What is cancer?

A

Uncontrolled cell division, exceeds death of cells = tumors

33
Q

What is metastasis?

A

Cancer spreading into other organ systems