8.1: The Peritoneum and Peritoneal Cavity Flashcards Preview

MCDN 300: Anatomy > 8.1: The Peritoneum and Peritoneal Cavity > Flashcards

Flashcards in 8.1: The Peritoneum and Peritoneal Cavity Deck (33)
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1
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2
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the ___ lines tha bdominopelvic cavity. what’re the two layers of this structure?

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peritoneum. Has parietal and visceral layers

3
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the intraperitoneal organs are enclosed by the ___ layer of the peritoneum, and are suspended by ____

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enclosed by the visceral layer, and are suspended by mesenteries

4
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what is a mesentery

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double layers of peritoneum that attach to the body wall– basically contexts the parietal and visceral peritoneum

5
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describe the location of primarily retroperitoneal structures

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posterior to the peritoneal cavity, are not suspended by a mesentery, and are covered by peritoneum only on their anterior surface.

6
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describe the locations of secondarily retroperitoneal structures

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structures were previously intraperitoneal structures that became fixed to the posterior abdominal wall when their mesentery fused with the parietal peritoneum of the posterior abdominal wall during development.

7
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describe the positioning of the subperitoneal structures

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include pelvic organs that lie below the peritoneum.

8
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Organs associated with the gastrointestinal tract are ____ or ______. Organs of the urinary system are _____.

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Organs associated with the gastrointestinal tract are intraperitoneal or secondarily retroperitoneal. Organs of the urinary system are retroperitoneal.

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10
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which organs are suspended by mesentery and are completely covered by the peritoneum?

A

INTRAPERITONEAL ORGANS

Stomach

Small intestine (jejunum, ileum, some of the superior part of the duodenum THE DUODENUM IS MAINLY SECONDARILY RETROPERITONEAL)

Spleen

Liver (with the exception of the bare area)

Gallbladder

Cecum with vermiform appendix (portions of variable size may be retroperitoneal)

Large intestine (transverse and sigmoid colons)

11
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which organs are primarily retroperitoenal?

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kidneys, suprarenal glands

12
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which organs are secondarily retroperitoneal?

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recall: SR structures were previously intraperitoneal structures that became fixed to the posterior abdominal wall when their mesentery fused with the parietal peritoneum of the posterior abdominal wall during developmenet.

these structures include:

13
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how many layers is a mesentery? Function?

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mesentery is a double layer of peritoneum that connects intraperitoneal organs to the posterior abdomianl wall and transmits vessels and nerves.

14
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3 major mesenteries of the abdomen

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The mesentery of the small intestine: suspends the second and third parts (jejunum and ileum) of the small intestine.

The _transverse mesocolo_n suspends the transverse section of the large intestine.

The sigmoid mesocolon suspends the sigmoid colon of the large intestine in the left lower quadrant.

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16
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how many layers is an omentum and what is its function

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omentum is a double layer of peritoneum that connects the stomach and duodenum to another organ.

17
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the greater omentum is a ____ layered apron of peritoneum that drapes ____, anterior to the coils of the small intestine, beofre looping upwards to its distal attachment on the posterior ___ wall

A

the greater omentum is a FOUR layered apron of peritoneum that drapes INFERIORLY, anterior to the coils of the small intestine, beofre looping upwards to its distal attachment on the posterior POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL wall

18
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the ____ ligament is a portion of the greater omentum that adheres to the transverse colon, whereas the ___ ligmaent is. alteral extension of the greater omentum that connects the stomach to the spleen and is traversed by branches of the splenic artery

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the GASTROCOLIC ligament is a portion of the greater omentum that adheres to the transverse colon, whereas the GASTROSPLENIC ligmaent is lateral extension of the greater omentum that connects the stomach to the spleen and is traversed by branches of the splenic artery

19
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the lesser omentum is a ___ layer of peritoneum that extendsd from the ____ to the ____ and proximal ____. it is formed by the ____ and the _____ ligaments

A

the lesser omentum is a DOUBLE layer of peritoneum that extendsd from the LIVER to the STOMACH (INNER CURVATURE) and proximal DUODENUM. it is formed by the HEPATOGASTRIC and the HEPATODUODENAL ligaments

20
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locations of the hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligamnet

A

the hepatogastric ligament, between the liver and stomach, and

the hepatoduodenal ligament, between the liver and duodenum, which encloses the structures of the portal triad (the portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct) in its free edge.

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29
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Parietal peritoneum derives its neurovasculature from vessels and nerves of the ___ ____

  • Its sensitivity to pain, pressure, and temperature is well localized (felt acutely) through ____ ____ of the ____ muscles and skin.

Visceral peritoneum derives its neurovasculature from the underlying organs.

- Autonomic nerves mediate sensitivity to stretching and chemical irritation, but the visceral peritoneum lacks sensitivity to touch and temperature.

Sensation is poorly localized and is usually referred to regions that reflect the embryologic origins of the underlying organ.

Sensation from foregut structures is referred to the epigastric region.

Sensation from midgut structures is referred to the umbilical region.

Sensation from hindgut structures is referred to the pubic region.

A

Parietal peritoneum derives its neurovasculature from vessels and nerves of the body wall.

  • Its sensitivity to pain, pressure, and temperature is well localized (felt acutely) through somatic nerves of the overlying muscles and skin.

Visceral peritoneum derives its neurovasculature from the underlying organs.

- Autonomic nerves mediate sensitivity to stretching and chemical irritation, but the visceral peritoneum lacks sensitivity to touch and temperature.

  • Sensation is poorly localized and is usually referred to regions that reflect the embryologic origins of the underlying organ.
  • Sensation from foregut structures is referred to the epigastric region.

Sensation from midgut structures is referred to the umbilical region.

Sensation from hindgut structures is referred to the pubic region.

30
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2 spaces of the peritoneal cavity

A

greater sac, which includes the entire peritoneal cavity except that space defined as the lesser sac

Omental bursa (lesser sac), which is a small extension of the peritoneal cavity that lies behind the stomach and lesser omentum. It communicates with the greater sac through a single opening, the omental (epiploic) foramen.

31
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____ ___ : between the diaphragm and liver is limited by the coronary ligaments and separated into right and left spaces by the falciform ligament.

___ ___:lies between the liver and the transverse colon. A posterior extension of this space, the hepatorenal recess (hepatorenal pouch, Morison’s pouch), lies between the visceral surface of the liver and the right kidney and suprarenal gland. The hepatorenal recess communicates with the right subphrenic recess.

____ and ____ Compartments: defined by the attachment of the transverse mesocolon on the posterior abdominal wall—with the supracolic compartment above the attachment site and the infracolic compartment below it. The root of the mesentery of the small intestine further divides the infracolic compartment into right and left spaces.

____ ____: lie adjacent to the ascending and descending colons, allow communication between the supracolic and infracolic compartments.

A

The subphrenic recess between the diaphragm and liver is limited by the coronary ligaments and separated into right and left spaces by the falciform ligament.

The subhepatic space lies between the liver and the transverse colon. A posterior extension of this space, the hepatorenal recess (hepatorenal pouch, Morison’s pouch), lies between the visceral surface of the liver and the right kidney and suprarenal gland. The hepatorenal recess communicates with the right subphrenic recess.

The supracolic and infracolic compartments are defined by the attachment of the transverse mesocolon on the posterior abdominal wall—with the supracolic compartment above the attachment site and the infracolic compartment below it. The root of the mesentery of the small intestine further divides the infracolic compartment into right and left spaces.

The paracolic gutters, which lie adjacent to the ascending and descending colons, allow communication between the supracolic and infracolic compartments.

32
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ascites

A

the accumulation of excess peritoneal fluid due to a change in concentration gradients that results in loss of capillary fluid. Ascites can also accompany other pathologic conditions, such as metastatic liver cancer and portal hypertension. In these cases, many liters of ascitic fluid can accumulate in the peritoneal cavity (often due to peritonitis). The fluid is aspirated by paracentesis. The needle is carefully inserted into the abdominal wall so as to avoid the urinary bladder and inferior epigastric vessels.

33
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The flow of fluid in the peritoneal cavity can spread intraperitoneal infections and determine the sites of peritoneal abscess formation.

Fluid commonly collects in the right and left ____ ____, although abscesses are more likely to form on the ___ side due to ___ or ____ ruptures. Fluid in the ____ compartment, such as subphrenic recesses and the ____ ____, can drain to the hepatorenal recess, the lowest part of the abdominal cavity in the supine patient.

Therefore, this is a common site of pus accumulation and abscess formation. In the ____ compartment, the paracolic gutters direct peritoneal fluid and infections toward the pelvis.

A

The flow of fluid in the peritoneal cavity can spread intraperitoneal infections and determine the sites of peritoneal abscess formation.

Fluid commonly collects in the right and left subphrenic recesses, although abscesses are more likely to form on the right side due to duodenal or appendiceal ruptures. Fluid in the supracolic compartment, such as subphrenic recesses and the omental bursa, can drain to the hepatorenal recess, the lowest part of the abdominal cavity in the supine patient.

Therefore, this is a common site of pus accumulation and abscess formation. In the infracolic compartment, the paracolic gutters direct peritoneal fluid and infections toward the pelvis.