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Repro > 8 - Cervical cancer > Flashcards

8 - Cervical cancer Flashcards

1
Q

main cause of cervical cancer?

A

infection with Papilloma viruses (HPV)

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2
Q

common result of cervical cancer being missed and not treated?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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3
Q

how common is cervical cancer in women?

A

10th commonest cancer in UK for women

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4
Q

peak age for cervical cancer?

A

45-55 years old

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5
Q

name 5 risk factors for cervical cancer?

A

HPV related

Multiple sexual partners

Early age at first intercourse

Older age of partner

Cigarette smoking

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6
Q

relationship between deprivation and cervical cancer?

A

patient is more at risk the more deprived they are

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7
Q

5 symptoms of cervical cancer?

A

Abnormal vaginal bleeding

Post coital bleeding

Intermenstrual bleeding/PMB

Discharge

Pain

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8
Q

what is key to understand about cervical screenings?

A

they are used to detect PRE-CANCEROUS disease, NOT CANCER

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9
Q

how do the tumour cells. infiltrate?

A

they invade into the underlying stroma

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10
Q

80% of cervical cancers?

A

squamous carcinoma

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11
Q

what is adenocarcinoma AKA?

A

endocervical

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12
Q

describe stage IA1 of cervical cancer?

A

≤ 3 mm depth and ≤7 mm diameter

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13
Q

describe stage IA2 of cervical cancer?

A

≤ 5 mm x7 mm

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14
Q

describe stage IB of cervical cancer?

A

clinical tumours confined to the cervix

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15
Q

describe the 3 stages of local spread of cervical cancer?

A

stage 2: Vagina (upper 2/3)

Stage 3: lower vagina & pelvis

Stage 4 bladder & rectum

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16
Q

describe the lymphatic spread of cervical cancer?

A

via pelvic nodes

17
Q

describe the blood spread of cervical cancer?

A

liver

lungs

bone

18
Q

2 imaging techniques to determine cervical cancer staging?

A

PET-CT

MRI

19
Q

treatment of stage IA1 cervical cancer?

A

Type 3 Excision of the cervical TZ
OR
hysterectomy

20
Q

treatment of stage IB cervical cancer?

A

Radical hysterectomy
OR
chemo-radiotherapy

21
Q

treatment of stage 11B-1V cervical cancer?

A

Chemo-Radiotherapy

22
Q

define radical hysterectomy?

A

Exploration of pelvic and para-aortic space

23
Q

5 parts removed by radical hysterectomy?

A

Uterus

cervix

upper vagina

Parametria

Pelvic nodes

24
Q

what is preserved in pre-menopausal women during radical hysterectomy?

A

ovaries

25
Q

name 3 types of treatments for cervical cancer?

A

radiotherapy

chemotherapy

brachytherapy

26
Q

describe the radiotherapy used?

A

by external beam

27
Q

describe the chemotherapy used?

A

once weekly during radiotherapy

28
Q

describe the brachytherapy used?

A

Caesium insertion

Repro (28 decks)

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