8-2. Movements and Joint Disorders Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 8-2. Movements and Joint Disorders Deck (38)
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1
Q

What are the three general types of movement?

A

gliding, angular and rotation

2
Q

gliding movements

A

simplest joint movement; one flat bone surface slips or glides over another

(eg. intercarpal joints (“queen wave”), intertarsal joints)

3
Q

angular movement

A

increase or decrease the angle between 2 bones

4
Q

flexion

A

bending - bring bones closer together

5
Q

extension

A

straightening - bring bones further apart

6
Q

hyperextension

A

bend backwards, >180 degrees

7
Q

dorsiflexion

A

pull toes up

8
Q

plantar flexion

A

point toes down

9
Q

abduction

A

move a limb away from midline or spread digits apart

10
Q

adduction

A

move a limb towards the midline or bring digits together

11
Q

circumduction

A

hold proximal end of the limb stationary, move distal end in a circle

12
Q

rotation

A

turning a bone around its own long axis, may be lateral (out) or medial (in)

(eg. turning head side to side)

13
Q

supination

A

turn palms up (face palms anteriorally)

14
Q

pronation

A

turn palms down (face palms dorsally)

15
Q

inversion

A

turn sole medially (inward)

16
Q

eversion

A

turn sole laterally (outward)

17
Q

sprains

A

the ligaments reinforcing a joint are stretched or torn, painful and immobilizing

18
Q

What are common sites for a sprain?

A

ankle, knee and lumbar spine

19
Q

What is the treatment for a slight sprain?

A

RICE

20
Q

What is the treatment for a partial tear?

A

can repair itself, but slowly because poorly vascularized

21
Q

What is the treatment for a complete tear?

A

need prompt surgical repair - if too damaged, must replace with graft

22
Q

cartilage injuries

A

most involve tearing of the knee meniscus - cartilage is avascular, so rarely repairs itself. Torn pieces may cause joint to lock, so damaged part often removed arthroscopically

23
Q

dislocation/luxation

A

occurs when bones are forced out of alignment

24
Q

subluxation

A

partial dislocation of a joint

25
Q

What are the most common joints to be dislocated?

A

fingers, shoulders, jaw

26
Q

like fractures, dislocations must be ___.

A

reduced (returned to proper position)

27
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa caused by a blow or friction. Prolonged learning on elbows may damage bursae near olecranon process - “student’s elbow”

28
Q

What are the symptoms and treatments for bursitis?

A

symptoms: pain and swelling
treatment: rest, ice, anti-inflammatory drugs

29
Q

tendonitis

A

inflammation of tendon sheaths, caused by overuse. eg. “tennis elblow”

30
Q

What are the symtoms and treatments for tendonitis?

A

symptoms: pain and swelling
treatment: rest, ice, anti-inflammatory drugs

31
Q

arthritis

A

over 100 different types of inflammatory or degenerative disease that damage the joints. Most widespread crippling disease in USA. Acute forms usually caused by bacteria and treated with antibiotics

32
Q

What are the three chronic forms of arthritis?

A

osteoarthritis
rheumatoid arthritis
gouty arthritis

33
Q

osteoarthritis

A

most common form, related to the normal aging process. badly aligned or overworked joints are likely to develop OA

34
Q

crepitus

A

joints affected by osteoarthritis may make a crunching noise

35
Q

What joints are most commonly affected by osteoarthritis?

A

cervical and lumbar spine, fingers, knuckles, knees, hips

36
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

an autoimmune disorder - WBCs migrate into joint cavity and release inflammatory chemicals that destroy tissues. inflamed synovial membrane thickens into a pannus that erodes cartilage

Joints affected bilaterally, marked by flare ups and permissions

37
Q

ankylosis

A

scar tissue formed in RA and connects bone ends - as this tissue ossifies, bone ends fuse together

38
Q

gouty arthritis

A

when uric acid blood levels are high, forms needle like crystals in teh joints creating painful inflammation. Initial attach affects 1 joint, often base of big toe. Patients are advised to drink lots of water but avoid alcohol and organ meats.