7. Glands: Exocrine And Specialised Flashcards Preview

Body Logistics > 7. Glands: Exocrine And Specialised > Flashcards

Flashcards in 7. Glands: Exocrine And Specialised Deck (26)
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1
Q

What are parotid glands and what is the structure?

A

Secrete saliva
Have striated ducts, simple columnar epithelium but nuclei not at bottom of cell
Almost totally serous (can’t see lumen on slide)
White circles of adipose tissue

2
Q

Where is the parotid gland located?

A

Just below the ear

3
Q

What is the submandibular gland?

A

Mostly serous

More mucous

4
Q

What are the 2 parts of submandibular glands?

A

Superficial and deep, separated by mylohyoid muscle

5
Q

Where is the submandibular gland?

A

Bottom of jaw, below parotid gland

6
Q

What is the sublingual gland?

A

Almost completely mucous

Mucous glands surrounded by serous glands

7
Q

Where is the sublingual gland?

A

Under the tongue

8
Q

Where do the salivary glands receive their stimuli from?

A

Parasympathetic and sympathetic ANS
Increases salivary secretion
Neural only

9
Q

What impact does the parasympathetic ANS have on salivary glands?

A

Produces large volume of water saliva rich in enzymes

10
Q

What impact does the sympathetic ANS have on salivary glands?

A

Produces small thick secretion of saliva, rich in mucus

11
Q

Describe the hepatic portal vein

A

Links the capillary bed in the stomach and intestine where nutrients and toxins are absorbed to the liver sinusoids where nutrients and toxins leave

12
Q

Describe a liver sinusoid

A

Larger than capillaries
Have large intercellular gaps to allow cells out
Have an incomplete basement membrane

13
Q

Where are sinusoids found?

A

Spleen, bone marrow, liver, lymph nodes

14
Q

What happens after blood moves into the hepatic portal venules?

A

Merges with hepatic arterioles and oxygen moves out into the hepatocytes

15
Q

What is the portal triad made up of?

A

Branch of portal vein
Branch of hepatic artery
Branch of bile duct
All surrounded by hepatocytes

16
Q

What are Kupffer cells?

A

Macrophages that move through liver sinusoids

17
Q

What is the space of disse?

A

Contains serum like fluid and separates hepatocytes from sinusoidal lumen

18
Q

What is the role of dendritic cells?

A

Pick up bacteria/fungi and present them to T cell to destroy

19
Q

What do stellate cells do?

A

Pick up and store vitamin A

20
Q

What do pit cells do?

A

Most active form of natural killer cell and kill tumour cells that enter sinusoids

21
Q

What do Kupffer cells do?

A

Trap and phagocytose any damaged or aged erythrocytes that were missed by spleen
If spleen removed, cell take over removal of 120 day old (aged) erythrocytes

22
Q

What causes liver fibrosis?

A

In liver cirrhosis, cells lose vitamin A storage capability and differentiate into myofibroblasts
Myofibroblasts synthesise and deposit collagen within perisinusoidal space

23
Q

What does the liver store?

A

Iron
Lipid soluble vitamins
Glycogen
Copper

24
Q

What is the role of liver in anabolism?

A
Major plasma proteins - albumin
Enzymes
Lipid carrier proteins
Amino acid synthesis
Haemopoeisis in fetus
25
Q

What is the role of the liver in catabolism?

A

Detoxifies drugs, poisons and toxins
Hormones
Haemoglobin

26
Q

What food hepatocytes contain?

A
Numerous mitochondria
Lots of peroxisomes
Free ribosomes
RER and SER
Golgi
Glycogen deposits