6.6.1 Translation: Ribosomal and Transfer RNA Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 6.6.1 Translation: Ribosomal and Transfer RNA Deck (10)
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1
Q

translation

A
  • the synthesis of a polypeptide strand using the genetic information present in the mRNA molecule. The
    nucleotide language is translated into amino acids
2
Q

transfer RNA (tRNA)

A
  • molecule functions as the translator from nucleotide into amino acid language. tRNA molecules have a specific anticodon on one end and an amino acid on the other end. The anticodon sequence is complementary to a given sequence on the mRNA strand. Each sequence of mRNA translates into a specific amino acid.
  • molecule is made up of a single RNA strand that
    is about 80 nucleotides long. The strand folds back on itself to form a three-dimensional shape. The shape is maintained by hydrogen bonding between complementary nucleotides in the strand.
  • Illustration (a) is a two-dimensional represen- tation of a
    tRNA molecule. The 5’ and 3’ ends of the strand are now adjacent due to the folding. The 3’ end is the site for amino acid attachment. The middle loop contains the anticodon sequences that are unique to each transfer RNA type.
  • Illustration (b) shows that a ribosome consists of two
    subunits. Both are comprised of ribosomal RNA and
    protein. A ribosome has an mRNA-binding site and three tRNA-binding sites, called the E,P, and A sites.
  • The tRNA anticodon binds with the codon sequence of
    mRNA. The P site holds the tRNA onto the growing
    polypeptide. The A site holds the incoming tRNA that brings the next amino acid to the polypeptide chain. tRNAs leave the molecule via the E site.
3
Q

ribosome

A
  • is a cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus. The ribosome functions as a site for protein synthesis in the
    cytoplasm. The ribosome is made up of 60 percent ribosomal RNA and 40 percent protein. A ribosome exists as twosubunits.
4
Q

The ribosome is an organelle comprised of __________ and __________.

A
  • protein; rRNA
5
Q

True or false?

Some antibiotics like tetracycline destroy prokaryotic ribosomes, while leaving eukaryotic ribosomes unharmed.

A
  • true
6
Q

In a prokaryote, which of the following structures would be coded for by the shortest strand of DNA?

A
  • A tRNA that is 80 nucleotides long.
7
Q

The role of tRNA is to

A
  • transfer amino acids to a polypeptide chain as directed by mRNA
8
Q

The amino acid attaches to the tRNA at the

A
  • 3′ end.
9
Q

A ribosome is comprised of 2 subunits, a __________ subunit that attaches the mRNA first and a __________ subunit that has binding sites known as __________.

A
  • smaller; larger; E, P and A
10
Q

The anticodon on the tRNA molecule is complementary to

A
  • the strand of DNA complementary to the template DNA.

- mRNA

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