6 - Violence against women and girls (FGM) Flashcards

1
Q

define FGM?

A

all procedures which involve partial/ total removal of female genitalia (or other injury to female genital organs for cultural/non-medical reasons)

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2
Q

what is a possible difference between cosmetic surgery and FGM?

A

adults choose to carry out cosmetic surgery as they make an informed choice

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3
Q

why does ‘female circumcision’ not equate to FGM?

A

FGM, when compared to male circumcision, is far more extensive and the impacts are far worse.

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4
Q

how many classes of FGM does the WHO define?

A

4

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5
Q

descibe type 1 FGM?

A

clitoridectomy

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6
Q

descibe type 2 FGM?

A

excision

removal of clitoris and labia minora

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7
Q

describe type 3 FGM?

A

infibulation

narrowing of vaginal opening by creating seal - pharaonic circumcision

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8
Q

describe type 4 FGM?

A

all other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes
e.g. pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterising the genital area

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9
Q

define de-infibulation?

A

surgical procedure to open up the closed vagina of FGM type 3

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10
Q

define re-infibulation?

A

re-stitching of FGM type 3 to re-close the vagina again after childbirth

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11
Q

legal stance of re-infibulation?

A

illegal in the UK as it constitutes FGM

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12
Q

name 5 ‘justifications’ for FGM?

A

preservation of virginity/ chastity

social acceptance

religious beliefs

hygiene/ cleanliness

family honour

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13
Q

trend in FGM by culture?

A

Practiced by specific ethnic groups/tribes, not whole countries -

exists in some western, central and eastern african countries
(also Iran and Yemen)

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14
Q

describe 3 short-term health impacts?

A

immediate fatal haemorrhaging

infection by blood borne virus

severe pain and shock

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15
Q

describe 3 long-term health impacts?

A

urine retention and difficulties in menstruation

cysts and neuromas

sexual dysfunction

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16
Q

Key risk factor for FGM?

A

if patient’s mother has had F.G.M and -

older sister/cousin has also had it
OR
parents value practice
ETC.