6. The Truman Doctorine And Marshall Plan Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 6. The Truman Doctorine And Marshall Plan Deck (33)
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1
Q

What was the Truman doctrine?

A

A policy to contain communism in Eastern Europe for as long as possible

2
Q

What did Britain do in Greece and turkey?

A

Britain gave money to Greek and Turkish government under SU pressure to fight communism with 40,000 British troops there

3
Q

When was the Truman doctrine put into place?

A

March 1947

4
Q

Why did Britain need to fight communism in Greece?

A

As communists there started a guerrilla war against the government despite Stalin agreeing Britain could influence Greece

5
Q

Why did Truman step into Greece and turkey and how?

A

Because Britain was a poor country so true man asked for $400 million to help instead

6
Q

When did Britain pull out of turkey and Greece?

A

February 1947

7
Q

What were the reasons for the Truman doctrine?

A
  • Britain pulled out of turkey and Greece

- turkey and Greece were being overtaken by communism

8
Q

What did Truman say in his speech for the Truman doctrine?

A
  • communism posed a serious threat to the USA and the rest of the world
  • the USA would support any country that was under threat of communism
  • the focus must be to ‘contain’ communism
9
Q

Name some effects of the Truman doctrine

A
  • seen as declaring an ideological war against communism
  • causes Stalin to make his version of the Truman doctrine
  • damages relations between the two countries
10
Q

What was the Marshall plan?

A

The European recovery plan that put the Truman doctrine into practice

11
Q

What were the Marshall plan’s aims?

A
  • To aid economic recovery in Europe to stop people from turning to communism
  • to support containing communism in Eastern Europe
  • to create a market for American goods to build up the economy
12
Q

How much was divided between the countries willing to accept Marshall aid?

A

$13.15 billion

13
Q

Who was Marshall aid offered to?

A

All countries in Europe both east and west

14
Q

What form did Marshall aid take up?

A

Money or resources which had to be bought from American suppliers

15
Q

Which country received the most Marshall aid?

A

The UK receiving $3.2b

16
Q

Name some countries that received Marshall aid

A

Italy, west Germany, Greece, Austria, turkey, Denmark, Norway, France

17
Q

What were the results of the Marshall plan?

A
  • Allowed recovery of Western Europe as economies and living standards could now rise
  • shown the USAs commitments in the long term
  • firmly established the divide between east and west as countries behind the iron curtain where forbidden to accept Marshall aid
  • made communism in the west less popular
18
Q

What was Stalin’s political thoughts on Marshall aid?

A

Thought anti - communist aims behind it would weaken his hold over Eastern Europe

19
Q

What was Stalin’s economic thought on Marshall aid?

A

That the USA was trying to dominate as many places as possible by making them dependant on American dollars

20
Q

What is dollar imperialism?

A

When America dominated as many countries as possible by making the dependant on the US dollar

21
Q

Who was Tito?

A

The leader of Yugoslavia who before 1948 was highly regarded by Stalin

22
Q

Why was there tension between Tito and Stalin?

A

As Tito didn’t understand why he should follow Stalin like other countries in the communist block

23
Q

Why did Yugoslavia get Marshall aid?

A

As Stalin threw Yugoslavia out of COMINFORM, enforced economic sactions and forbade other countries from trading with Yugoslavia

24
Q

How did the west help Yugoslavia?

A

As Britain established a £30 million trade deal in December 1948 and the USA offered Marshall aid which they gratefully took

25
Q

Why was Yugoslavia unique?

A

It received Marshall aid despite being forbidden, was the only communist country to get Marshall aid and the only communist country behind the iron curtain

26
Q

What did the Marshall plan involve?

A

giving money to European countries for 4 years.

27
Q

What was altruism?

A

Selfless acts of good work

28
Q

Who created the Marshall plan?

A

George C Marshall

29
Q

When did the Marshall plan end ?

A

December 1951

30
Q

What happened to countries that benefited from Marshall aid?

A

Their gdp increased by 20%

31
Q

Why did congress end up accepting the Marshall plan?

A

Because a Czechoslovakian minister was found dead under a window and as communist and Americans had different views, congress wanted to avoid conflicts

32
Q

Give one way the Marshall plan was motivated by altruism

A

People in Europe needed help as they were starving and unemployed

33
Q

Give 3 reasons suggesting the Marshall plan was motivated by strategy and state if its economic or political

A
  • the Marshall plan aimed to control the spread of communism (political)
  • Western Europe could become a strong ally to the us against the su by helping it recover (political)
  • the quicker Europe recovered, the quicker it could become a strong trading partner (economic)