5.2 pancreas & glucose regulation Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 5.2 pancreas & glucose regulation Deck (32)
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1
Q

what type of gland is the pancreas?

A

endocrine and exocrine

2
Q

how is the pancreas an exocrine gland?

A

releases enzymes via duct into duodenum

3
Q

how is the pancreas an endocrine gland?

A

produces hormones and releases them into the blood

4
Q

what is the exocrine glandular tissue responsible for?

A

producing digestive enzymes and pancreatic juice (alkaline fluid)

5
Q

the enzymes and juice secreted into ducts eventually leading to what?

A

the pancreatic duct

6
Q

the enzymes and juice are released from the duct into what?

A

the duodenum

7
Q

what is the duodenum?

A

the top part of the small intestine

8
Q

what are the 3 types of important digestive enzymes the pancreas produces?

A

amylase
protease
lipase

9
Q

what do amylases produced by the pancreas do?

A

break down starch into simple sugars

10
Q

what do proteases produced by the pancreas do?

A

break down proteins into amino acids e.g. trypsin

11
Q

what do lipases produced by the pancreas do?

A

break down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol e.g. pancreatic glycerol

12
Q

what hormones is the pancreas responsible for producing?

A

insulin and glucagon

13
Q

what do insulin and glucagon play an important role in?

A

controlling blood glucose concentration

14
Q

within exocrine tissue there are small regions of exocrine tissue called what?

A

islets of langerhans

15
Q

what are the two cell types in the islets of Langerhans?

A

alpha cells

beta cells

16
Q

what do alpha cells secrete?

A

glucagon

17
Q

what do beta cells secrete?

A

insulin

18
Q

what are secretory acini?

A

exocrine glands surrounding the islets of langerhan that secrete digestive enzymes

19
Q

what does the body use glucose for?

A

to make ATP

20
Q

to remain healthy what constant level of blood glucose must your body maintain?

A

90mg cm-3

21
Q

if glucose wasn’t kept constant what would happen to levels?

A

too high after meals
low several hours later
leaving not enough glucose for respiration

22
Q

through what process does the body keep levels constant?

A

homeostasis

23
Q

what are the 3 ways you can increase blood glucose?

A

diet
glycogenolysis
gluconeogenesis

24
Q

how can you increase blood glucose concentration through your diet?

A

eating foods rich in carbohydrates e.g. pasta
carbs broken down to glucose
which is absorbed into bloodstream

25
Q

what is glycogenolysis?

A

glycogen stored in liver and muscle cells is broken down into glucose and released into blood stream increasing blood glucose conc

26
Q

what is gluconeogenesis?

A

producing glucose from non carbohydrate sources
e.g. glycerol (lipids) in the liver or amino acids
released into bloodstream increasing blood glucose concentration

27
Q

name two ways blood glucose levels can be reduced:

A

respiration

glycogenesis

28
Q

how can you reduce blood glucose levels through respiration?

A

glucose in blood used by cells to release energy
during exercise, more glucose necessary for muscle contraction
more exercise, higher energy demands, more glucose needed, decrease in blood glucose

29
Q

what is glycogenesis?

A

excess glucose converted into glycogen to be stored in liver

30
Q

what does “lysis” mean?

A

splitting

31
Q

what does “genesis” mean?

A

birth/origin

32
Q

what does “neo” mean?

A

new

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