5. Acids and Bases Flashcards Preview

Nat 5 Chemistry - Unit 1 > 5. Acids and Bases > Flashcards

Flashcards in 5. Acids and Bases Deck (13)
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1
Q

What are the pHs of:

  • Acids?
  • Neutrals?
  • Bases?
A
Acid = below pH 7
Neutral = pH7
Bases = above pH 7
2
Q

What can pHs be measured using?

A

Universal indicator or Litmus paper

3
Q

What is an acid?

A

Acids have a higher concentration of H+ ions than OH- ions

4
Q

What is a alkali?

A

Alkalis are substances which have a higher concentration of OH- ions than H+ ions

5
Q

Why do both acids and alkalis conduct electricity well?

A

They conduct electricity well because they contain oppositely charged ions that are free to move in solution and can carry charge

6
Q

Give examples of acids and alkalis

A

Acids - hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric, ect.

Alkalis - sodium hydroxide,

7
Q

What is the difference between an alkali and a base?

A

An alkali can rise an acids pH ABOVE 7, whereas a base can only raise its pH TO 7.

8
Q

How do you dilute an acid or alkali?

A

Adding water to an acid or alkali moves its pH towards 7 (dilution)

9
Q

Why does adding water to an acid or alkali dilute it?

A

The moles of the H+ and OH- ions hasn’t changed, but the volume of the solution has.
This means the concentration of H+ and OH- ions has decreased and the pH changes accordingly

10
Q

How do you form an acid?

A

Burning a non-metal then dissolving this non-metal oxide in water, creates an acid

11
Q

How do you form alkali?

A

Burning a metal then then dissolving this metal oxide in water, creates an alkali

12
Q

What is the main neutralisation equation?

A

Acid + Alkali = Water + Salt

Water is the main product
Salt is the by-product

Metal oxides and metal carbonates are bases, and can also neutralise acids

13
Q

Name the salt and spectator ions in this equation:

Sodium hydroxide + Sulfuric acid ————> Sodium sulphate + Water

A

Sodium sulphate is the salt produced, and is known as the spectator ions, as they aren’t the purpose of the experiment