4.4. Characteristics of development Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 4.4. Characteristics of development Deck (16)
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1
Q

Economic Development definition

A

Economic growth and improvements in heath, education, government, market conditions and freedom

2
Q

Developing Economies

A

a country with a less developed industrial base and a low Human Development Index relative to other countries.
- However, this definition is not universally agreed upon. - There is also no clear agreement on which countries fit this category

3
Q

Emerging Economies (BRICS)

A

acronym coined for an association of five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa

4
Q

Developed Economies

A
  • Countries with high HDI

- An economy enjoying sustained economic growth and security

5
Q

Characteristics that determine the type of economy

A

1) Population growth rate
2) Population Structure
3) Income distribution
4) Employment Composition
5) External trade
6) Urbanisation

6
Q

Birth Rate

A

the number of live births per 1000 of population per year.

7
Q

Infant Mortality

A

the number deaths of children below the age of one per 1000 live births per year.

8
Q

Crude Death Rate

A

the number of deaths per 1000 of population per year.

- Also known as: mortality rate.

9
Q

Life Expectancy

A

average expected years of life at birth.

10
Q

Population Growth Rate

A

the rate of increase in the population.

11
Q

Population Structure

A

the distribution of various age groups of the population.

  • Developed: Many old dependents. High life expectancy Narrow base, wider towards the top)
  • Emerging: Narrowing base and widening middle and top.
  • Developing: Many young dependents. Low life expectancy. Pyramid shape (wide base, narrow at the top)
12
Q

Income Distribution

A

how equally (or unequally) income is shared amongst the population.

  • Developed: In general, a more equal distribution of income
  • Developing: In general, a more unequal distribution of income.
13
Q

Economic Structure

A

the contribution of primary, secondary and tertiary sectors to an economy’s GDP.

  • Developed: Tertiary sector (services) very high % of GDP. Manufacturing declining % of GDP. Primary sector very small % of GDP.
  • Emerging: Manufacturing and services high % of GDP. Agriculture declining % of GDP.
  • Developing: Primary sector highest % of GDP. Services increasing % of GDP. Manufacturing is a very small % of GDP.
14
Q

Employment Composition

A

the proportion of total employment in each of the different sectors of the economy (primary, secondary, tertiary).
- Developed: Tertiary sector (services) is main employer.
Manufacturing is shrinking (automation). Primary sector is a very small employer (automation).
- Emerging: Employment increasing in manufacturing and services.
- Developing Primary sector (agriculture, mining) is main employer.

15
Q

External Trade

A

the amount of international trade a country does.

  • Developed: Dominate trade in services (e.g. finance). Important contributors to trade in goods
  • Emerging: Rapidly increasing share of trade in goods and services.
  • Developing: Low levels of trade in goods and services.
16
Q

Urbanisation

A

the proportion of a population that live in urban centres (towns and cities).

  • Developed: Majority of population live in urban areas.
  • Emerging: Rural to urban migration.
  • Developing: Majority of population live in rural areas.