4.2.2: Haloalkanes Flashcards
What are haloalkanes?
Saturated organic compounds that contain carbon atoms and at least one halogen atom
Are halogenoalkanes soluble in water?
Insoluble as C-H bonds are non-polar, not compensated for enough by C-X bond polarity
Do halogenoalkanes have a polar bond? Why?
Yes polar, as halogen has a higher electronegativity than C ( halogen is δ-, carbon is δ+)
What type intermolecular forces do they have? Why?
Permanent dipole-dipole and London forces of attraction
C-X bond polarity creates permanent dipoles
When would they have higher boiling points?
Increase Carbon chain length
Halogen further down group 7
How would the mass of a haloalkane compare with the mass of an alkane of the same chain length?
Greater as mass of halogen > mass of H
What is the most important factor in determining halogen reactivity?
The strength of carbon halogen bond
What would bond polarity suggest the order of reactivity would be?
C-F would be most reactive as most polar bond
What would bond enthalpies suggest the order of reactivity would be?
C-I would be most reactive as lowest bond enthalpy
What is a primary halogen?
The halogen atom is present at the end of the chain
Define nucleophile
Electron pair donor
Give 3 examples of nucleophiles
:OH-
:CN-
:NH3
What is nucleophilic substitution?
A reaction where a nucleophile donates a lone pair of electrons to δ+ C atom, δ− atom leaves molecule (replaced by nucleophiles)
What is hydrolysis?
A reaction where water is a reactant
What reactant often produces hydroxide ions for
hydrolysis?
water
