4-perself2 Flashcards
independent self-construal
separate and autonomous from others and social context
personality is a fixed entity
makes people put on a display to be approved from others
Western
separate and autonomous from others and social context
personality is a fixed entity
makes people put on a display to be approved from others
Western
independent self-construal
Western
interdependent self-construal
connected to and embedded in relationships with others ad social contexts
different versions of the self (from home, school, work): incremental self
leads to awareness of one’s behavior relative to group belongingness, group harmony, and social standards, roles, and obligations
Asian
connected to and embedded in relationships with others ad social contexts
different versions of the self (from home, school, work): incremental self
interdependent self-construal
Asian
Self-Enhancement of the Western, Independent Self
if the self is autonomous that’s separate from social context there is a lot of pressure to enhance it
two effects/biases:
1) self-serving bias
2) false uniqueness effect
if the self is autonomous that’s separate from social context there is a lot of pressure to enhance it
Self-Enhancement of the Western, Independent Self
self-serving bias
take credit for success deny responsibility for failure
take credit for success deny responsibility for failure
self-serving bias
false uniqueness effect
overestimate the uniqueness of ones own positive attributes
overestimate the uniqueness of ones own positive attributes
false uniqueness effect
Self-Enhancement in Eastern Cultures?
Kitayama (1995)
Japanese subjects had almost no self-enhancement
look to personal deficiencies as causes of failure, and attribute success to luck
Self-Criticism of the Eastern, Interdependent Self
Kitayama (1997)
Japanese see failure as being more relevant to self-esteem than success
Self-Criticism in Western Cultures?
Kitayama (1997)
American found success more relevant to self esteem than failure
it’s associated with clinical depression
Western independence in Japanese History
this history is a history of voluntary, frontier settlement and this pioneering spirit is passed down through generations
Hokkaito had samurais settle there and show results of being more similar to American independence than Asian interdependence self-construal
Lalwani et al. (2009)
study on people want to view themselves in a more flattering way
Socially Desirable Responding (SDR): responding in a manner that casts the self in a favorable light
Findings: DE = individualism
IM = collectivism
individualist people were more likely to engage in DE to the extent that they also had promotion-focused goal strivings
collectivist people engage in IM to the extent that they also had prevention-focused goal strivings
