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Flashcards in 4: Attention Deck (23)
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1
Q

What is attention?

A

The process enabling us to focus on a particular stimulus

2
Q

What is change blindness?

A

When something in our environment changes after a small pause such as looking down at our phones, we’re less able to tell what’s changed

3
Q

What is the link between attention and misdirection?

A

Someone playing close attention is more easily misdirected than someone who is not

4
Q

What is the dichotic listening paradigm?

A

People are exposed to different sounds in different ears and they’re given a task such as repeating what was said in the left ear

5
Q

What is Ponser’s spatial cueing task?

A

Participants were asked to press the button when the star appeared in the left box.

Before the star appeared, there was a cue (An arrow pointing to either the left or right box)

When the cue was valid (Pointed to where the star would be) reaction times were faster

It shows us that attention can be directed without needing eye movement

6
Q

What are some attention models?

A

Cocktail party phenomenon (Cherry)

Filter model (Broadbent)

Attenuator model (Treisman)

Subliminal priming paradigm

Perceptual load model

7
Q

What attention model did Cherry come up with?

A

Cocktail party phenomenon

8
Q

Who came up with the cocktail party phenomenon?

A

Cherry

9
Q

What is the cocktail party phenomenon?

A

Investigated how much of a message we process if we aren’t playing attention to

People didn’t notice if the unattended voice switched from English to German

More likely to notice a change of tone

10
Q

Who came up with the filter model?

A

Broadbent

11
Q

What model of attention did Broadbent come up with?

A

Filter model

12
Q

What is the filter model of attention?

A

We filter out information we don’t need in acheiving our goals

13
Q

What is one critisism of the filter model of attention?

A

Doesn’t explain real life situations such as why we randomally pick up on other people’s conversations or how we immediately direct attention when someone calls our name

14
Q

What model of attention did Treisman come up with?

A

Attenuator model

15
Q

Who came up with the attenuator model?

A

Treisman

16
Q

What is the attenuator model?

A

This is the idea that information can be processed to different degrees instead of ‘all or nothing’

It’s influenced by previous experiances

17
Q

What are the early selection models of attention?

A

Cocktail party phenomenon

Filter model

Attenuator model

18
Q

What are the late selection models?

A

Subliminal priming paradigm

Perceptual load model

19
Q

What is the subliminal priming paradigm?

A

This assumes that selection happens from memory

Some stimuli never reach our awareness but are still processed

20
Q

What is the perceptual load model?

A

When given a difficult task, it takes up more of our mental recources. An easier task has a lower load so we’re more able to multi-task

21
Q

What is the stroop effect?

A

When we say the word, the meaning automatically comes to our minds.

With colour and the stroop test, it’s so familiar that the process is automated.

22
Q

What is the visual search paradigm?

A

Participants were asked to remember a memory set and then shown a new set

They were asked what figures appeared in both

23
Q

What is the Norman and Shallice model?

A

How we inhibit automated behaviour