3A- Neural Processing and the Endocrine System Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 3A- Neural Processing and the Endocrine System Deck (38)
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0
Q

A nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system

A

Neuron

1
Q

Biological psychologists study this

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Neural communication

2
Q

Neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord

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Sensory neurons

3
Q

Neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands

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Motor neurons

4
Q

Neurons with the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between sensory inputs and motor outputs

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Interneurons

5
Q

Dendrite, cell body, axon, myelin sheath

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Parts of a neuron

6
Q

The bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body

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Dendrite

7
Q

The extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands

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Axon

8
Q

A layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next

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Myelin sheath

9
Q

2-200mph

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Speed of a neuron impulse

10
Q

The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

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Threshold

11
Q

Intensity doesn’t change the firing; it either fires or it doesn’t

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All or none response

12
Q

The junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron

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Synapse

13
Q

The tiny gap between the dendrite and the axon tip or between the cell body and the axon tip

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Synaptic gap/synaptic cleft

14
Q

Chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons

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Neurotransmitters

15
Q

A neurotransmitter’s reabsorption by the sending neuron

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Reuptake

16
Q

Enables muscle action, learning, and memory (with Alzheimer’s these ____ producing neurons deteriorate

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Acetylcholine (ACh)

17
Q

Influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion (excess leads to schizophrenia, too little leads to tremors similar to Parkinson’s disease

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Dopamine

18
Q

Affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal (under supply linked to depression)

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Serotonin

19
Q

Helps control alertness and arousal; also a hormone (under supply can depress mood)

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Norepinephrine

20
Q

A major inhibitory neurotransmitter (under supply linked to seizures, tremors, and insomnia)

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GABA

21
Q

Excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in memory (oversupply can overstimulate brain, producing seizures or migraines)

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Glutamate

22
Q

“Morphine within”; natural opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure

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Endorphins

23
Q

Binds to the receptor and mimics the effects of the similar neurotransmitter

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Agonist

24
Q

Binds to the receptor but it blocks a neurotransmitter’s functioning

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Antagonist

25
Q

The body’s speedy, electrochemical communication network

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Nervous system

26
Q

The brain and the spinal cord

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Central nervous system

27
Q

The sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body

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Peripheral nervous system

28
Q

Bundled axons that form neural “cables” connecting the CNS with muscles, glands, and sense organs

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Nerves

29
Q

Part of the peripheral nervous system; controls the body’s skeletal muscles

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Somatic

30
Q

Part of the peripheral nervous system; controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart)

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Autonomic

31
Q

Part of the autonomic system; arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations

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Sympathetic

32
Q

Prt of the autonomic system; the division that calms the body, conserving its energy

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Parasympathetic

33
Q

A part of the central nervous system; a simple, automatic response to a story stimulus

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Reflex

34
Q

The body’s “slow” chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

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Endocrine system

35
Q

Chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues

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Hormones

36
Q

A pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that help arouse the body in times of stress

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Adrenal glands

37
Q

The endocrine system’s most influential gland; under the influence of the hypothalamus, regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands; the master gland

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Pituitary glands