36: Environmental Emergencies Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 36: Environmental Emergencies Deck (31)
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0
Q

The natural tendency of the body to maintain a steady and normal internal environment.

A

Homeostasis

1
Q

A medical condition caused or exacerbated by the weather, terrain, atmospheric pressure, or other local factors.

A

Environmental Emergency

2
Q

Rate at which the body consumes energy just to maintain stavility; the basic metabolic rate of an awake, resting person 12 - 14 hours after eating and at a comfortable temprature.

A

Basal Metabolic Rate

3
Q

Rate at which the body consumes energy during activity. It is faster during activity. It is faster than the basal metabolic rate.

A

Exertional Metabolic Rate

4
Q

Increased core body temperature due to inadequate thermolysis.

A

Heat illness

5
Q

Unusually high core body temperature.

A

Hyperthermia

6
Q

Condition that damages the autonomic nervous system, which usually senses changes in core temperature and controls vasodilation and perspiration to dissipate heat.

A

Autonomic Neuropathy

7
Q

The reversible changes in body structure and function by which the body becomes adjusted to a change in environment.

A

Acclimatization

8
Q

Acute painful spasms of the voluntary muscles following strenuous activity in a hot environment without adequate fluid or salt intake

A

Heat Cramps

9
Q

A mild heat illness; an acute reaction to heat exposure.

A

Heat Exhaustion

10
Q

Fever, or above normal body temperature.

A

Pyrexia

11
Q

Any substance causing a fever, such as viruses and bacteria or substances produced within the body in response infection or inflammation.

A

Pyrogen

12
Q

State of low body temperature, particularly low core body temperature.

A

Hypothermia

13
Q

ECG deflection found at the junction of the QRS complex and the ST segment. It is associated with hypothermia and seen at core temperatures below 32 degrees C. most commonly in leads II and V6; also called an Osborn Wave.

A

J Wave

14
Q

Environmentally induced freezing of body tissues causing destruction of cells.

A

Frostbite

15
Q

Freezing involving only epidermal tissues resulting in redness followed by blanching and diminished sensation; also called frostnip.

A

Superficial Frostbite

16
Q

Freezing involving epidermal and subcutaneous tissues resulting in a white appearance, hard feeling on palpation, loss of sensation.

A

Deep Frostbite

17
Q

A painful foot disorder resembling frostbite adn resulting from exposure to cold and wet, which can eventually result in tissue sloughing or gangrene; also called immersion foot.

A

Trench Foot

18
Q

Asphyxia resulting from submersion in liquid with death occurring within 24 hours of submersion.

A

Drowning

19
Q

An incident of potentially fatal submersion in liquid which did not result in death or in which death occurred mor than 24 hours after submersion.

A

Near Drowning

20
Q

A compound secreted by cells in the lungs that regulates the surface tension of the fluid that lines the alveoli, which is important in keeping the alveoli open for gas exchange.

A

Surfactant

21
Q

A complex cardiovascular reflex resulting from submersion of the face and nose in water, that constricts blood flow everywhere except to the brain.

A

Mammalian Diving Reflex

22
Q

Injuries caused by changes in pressure. This occurs from increasing pressure during a diving descent is commonly called “the squeeze”.

A

Barotruama

23
Q

A state of stupor that develops during deep dives due to nitrogens effect on cerebral function; also called “raptures of the deep”.

A

Nitrogen Narcosis

24
Q

Development of nitrogen bubbles within the tissues due to reduction of air pressure when a diver returns to the surface; also called “the bends”.

A

Decompression Illness

25
Q

Expansion of air held in the lungs during ascent. IF not exhaled, the expanded air may cause injury to the lungs and surrounding structures.

A

Pulmonary Overpressure

26
Q

An air bubble, or air embolism, that enters the circulatory system from a damaged lung.

A

Arterial Gas Embolism (AGE)

27
Q

The presence of air in the mediastinum.

A

Pneumomediastinum

28
Q

A collection of air in the pleural space. Air may enter the pleural space through an injury to the lungs.

A

Pneumothorax

29
Q

Resubmission of a person to a greater pressure so that gradual decompression cam be achieved; often used in the treatment of diving emergencies.

A

Recompression

30
Q

Re-compression chamber used to treat patients suffering from barotrauma.

A

Hyperbaric Oxygen Chamber