3.4 Structure of the Brain Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 3.4 Structure of the Brain Deck (36)
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1
Q

What are the 3 major divisions of the brain?

A

Forebrain

Midbrain

Hindbrain

2
Q

An area of the brain that coordinates information coming into and out of the spinal cord

A

Hindbrain

3
Q

What are the main regions of the Hindbrain?

A

Cerebellum

Pons

Reticular formation

Medulla

4
Q

What are the main regions of the Midbrain?

A

Tegmentum

Tectum

5
Q

This part of the brain is important for orientation and movement

A

Midbrain

6
Q

This part of the brain is critical for complex cognitive, emotional, sensory, and motor functions

A

Forebrain

7
Q

What are the main regions of the Forebrain?

A

Cerebral Cortex

Subcortical Structures

8
Q

An extension of the spinal cord into the skull that coordinates heart rate, circulation, and respiration

A

Medulla

9
Q

A brain structure that regulates sleep, wakefulness, and levels of arousal.

A

Reticular formation

10
Q

A large structure of the hindbrain that controls fine motor skills.

A

Cerebellum

11
Q

A brain structure that relays information from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain.

A

Pons

12
Q

A part of the midbrain that orients an organism in the environment.

A

Tectum

13
Q

A part of the midbrain that is involved in movement and arousal.

A

Tegmentum

14
Q

The outermost layer of the brain, visible to the naked eye and divided into two hemispheres.

A

Cerebral Cortex

15
Q

Areas of the forebrain housed under the cerebral cortex near the very centre of the brain.

A

Subcortical Structures

16
Q

A subcortical structure that relays and filters information from the senses and transmits the information to the cerebral cortex.

A

Thalamus

17
Q

A subcortical structure that regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, and sexual behaviour.

A

Hypothalamus

18
Q

A group of forebrain structures including the hypothalamus, the hippocampus, and the amygdala, which are involved in motivation, emotion, learning, and memory.

A

Limbic System

19
Q

A structure critical for creating new memories and integrating them into a network of knowledge so that they can be stored indefinitely in other parts of the cerebral cortex.

A

Hippocampus

20
Q

A part of the limbic system that plays a central role in many emotional processes, particularly the formation of emotional memories.

A

Amygdala

21
Q

A set of subcortical structures that directs intentional movements.

A

Basal Ganglia

22
Q

A network of glands that produce and secrete into the bloodstream chemical messages known as hormones, which influence a wide variety of basic functions, including metabolism, growth, and sexual development.

A

Endocrine System

23
Q

The “master gland” of the body’s hormone-producing system, which releases hormones that direct the functions of many other glands in the body.

A

Pituitary Gland

24
Q

What are the smooth surfaces of the cortex called?

A

Gyri

25
Q

What are the indentations in cortex called?

A

Sulci

26
Q

What are Hormones?

A

Chemical messengers; Influence several basic functions, such as metabolism, growth, sexual maturation

27
Q

A thick band of nerve fibres that connects large areas of the cerebral cortex on each side of the brain and supports communication of information across the two hemispheres.

A

Corpus Callosum

28
Q

A region of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information.

A

Occiptal Lobe

29
Q

A region of the cerebral cortex whose functions include processing information about touch.

A

Parietal Lobe

30
Q

A region of the cerebral cortex responsible for hearing and language.

A

Temporal Lobe

31
Q

The region of the cerebral cortex that has specialized areas for movement, abstract thinking, planning, memory, and judgement.

A

Frontal Lobe

32
Q

Areas of the cerebral cortex that are composed of neurons that help provide sense and meaning to information registered in the cortex.

A

Association areas

33
Q

Neurons that are active when an animal performs a behaviour, such as reaching for or manipulating an object, and are also activated when another animal observes that animal performing the same behaviour.

A

Mirror Neurons

34
Q

Represents skin areas on the contralateral surface of the body

A

Somatosensory Cortex

35
Q

Is a rendering of the body in which each part is shown in proportion to how much of the somatosensory cortex is devoted to it

A

Homunculus

36
Q

Functions that were assigned to certain areas of the brain may be capable of being reassigned to other areas of the brain to accommodate changing input from the environment.

A

Brain plasticity

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