3.3.2 Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

What is hypertension defined as?

A

Diastolic > 90

Systolic > 140

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2
Q

What are the causes of hypertension?

A

Increasd CO

Increase TPR

or BOTH

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3
Q

What are the two classifications of hypertension?

A

Primary - etiology is unknown

Secondary - underlying cause of the increased CO or TPR is known

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4
Q

What are some areas of research for primary hypertension?

A

Abnormal function of the Na/K ATPase resulting in elevated cytosolic Ca2+

Microvascular dysfunction - decreased levels of nitric oxide and increased endothelin-1

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5
Q

As age increases how does this change the source of hypertension?

A
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6
Q

Why with increasing age does TPR become the main source of hypertension?

A

Arterioles begin to hypertrophy and there is decrease ventricular compliance

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7
Q

What is the pathway by which renal parenchymal disease can increase MAP?

A
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8
Q

How can renovascular hypertension lead to increased MAP?

A
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9
Q

How can pheochromocytoma lead to increased TPR and CO?

A
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10
Q

How can an adrenal glad tumor lead to increased MAP?

A
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11
Q

Does hyper/hypothyroidism lead to hypertension?

A

THERE IS A STONG ASSOCIATION

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12
Q

What is baroreceptor desensitivity?

A
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13
Q

Summarize the development of hypertension

A
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14
Q

Describe the dysfunction in development of hypertension in the heart and blood vessels.

A
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15
Q

Describe dysfunction in development of hypertension in the kidney and baroreceptor desensitization

A
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16
Q

Describe the dysfunction in development of hypertension in the adrenal gland and the central effects

A
17
Q

How will ventricular hypertrophy shift a pressure volume loop? Why?

A
18
Q

What kind of damage can occur to the heart and arteries from hypertension?

A
19
Q

How will heart failure shift a P-V loop?

A
20
Q

What are the systolic and diastolic dysfunctions in heart failure?

A
21
Q

What sympatholytic agents can be used to help manage hypertension?

A
22
Q

What are the main renin-angiotensin medications for managing hypertension?

A
23
Q

How can calcium channel blockers help manage hypertension?

A
24
Q
A

C

25
Q
A

E

26
Q
A

E

27
Q
A

D

28
Q
A

C

29
Q
A

D