3.1.2 Evaluating Genes & Addiction Flashcards Preview

A Level Psychology > 3.1.2 Evaluating Genes & Addiction > Flashcards

Flashcards in 3.1.2 Evaluating Genes & Addiction Deck (24)
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1
Q

(for) in what percentage of dead alcoholics was the A1 variant of the DRD2 gene found?

A

66%

2
Q

(for) in what percentage of dead non alcoholics was the A1 variant of the DRD2 gene found?

A

20%

3
Q

(for) in what percentage of dead smokers was the A1 variant of the DRD2 gene found?

A

48.7%

4
Q

(for) in what percentage of dead non smokers was the A1 variant of the DRD2 gene found?

A

25.9%

5
Q

(for) in what percentage of dead gambling addicts was the A1 variant of the DRD2 gene found?

A

50.9%

6
Q

(for) in what percentage of dead non gambling addicts was the A1 variant of the DRD2 gene found?

A

25.9%

7
Q

(for) the research into dead addict and non addicts genes supports what idea?

A

genes can play a part in the initiation of an addiction

8
Q

(for) what have lower activity variants of ADH genes been associated with an increased risk of? (Higuchi et al)

A

alcohol dependency in oriental populations

9
Q

(for) what does Higuchi’s research support the idea of?

A

genes e.g. ADH gene increase the risk of a person developing an alcohol addiction

10
Q

what is a criticism of higuchi et al’s research on oriental populations?

A

not generalizable only tells us about oriental populations

11
Q

(for) what has research on European populations found the ADH4 genes affect? (Edenberg)

A

risk of alcoholism

12
Q

(for) Edenberg’s research supports what idea?

A

there is a link between genes and addiction particularly alcoholism

13
Q

(for) Shan et al’s twin study found what? supporting what?

A

genetic transmission of gambling in men

genetics and addiction

14
Q

what is a criticism of Shan et al’s twin research on genetic transmission of gambling in men?

A

only shows evidence for genetic transmission of gambling in men doesn’t tell us anything about women

15
Q

(for) Sheilds found what concordance rate for smoking amongst 42 twin pairs raised apart?

A

79%

16
Q

(for) shield’s research suggests genes play a role in addiction, why?

A

even though raised apart the twins went on to develop the same addiction

17
Q

(against) the relationship between genetics and addiction is…..

A

more complex than may first appear

18
Q

(against) why is the relationship between genetics and addiction more complex? (Ojelade et al’s research)

A

a number of other genes identified e.g. Rsu 1 linked to alcohol dependance

19
Q

(against) what does research such as Ojelade’s tell us?

A

it is too simplistic to say there is an addiction gene, different types of addictive behaviours triggered by different mechanisms

20
Q

(against) genetic explanations are criticised for ignoring which other factors?

A

social and cultural

21
Q

(against) Townsend et al found a negative correlation between which variables?

A

negative correlation between number of cigarettes smoked and price of cigarettes

22
Q

(against) what does Townsend’s smoking and price research show?

A

other factors besides genetics play a role in smoking

23
Q

concordance rates for smoking among twins in high school were higher where?

A

in schools where popular students smoked

24
Q

the concordance rate amongst twins and smoking in schools shows addictions can be influenced by what?

A

social surroundings

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