30. The Self Flashcards Preview

175.101 Psychology as a Social Science > 30. The Self > Flashcards

Flashcards in 30. The Self Deck (36)
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1
Q

The person, including mental processes, body and personality characteristics.

A

THE SELF

1
Q

The person’s concept of himself, a schema about yourself that guides the way we think about and remember information relevant to ourselves.

A

SELF-CONCEPT

2
Q

Refers to a person’s evaluation of himself, how much he likes and respects himself.

A

SELF-ESTEEM

3
Q

Who proposed a fundamental distinction between self as subject and self as object.

A

William James (1890)

4
Q

The self as ____ includes the persons experience of self as thinker, feeler and actor.

A

subject

5
Q

The self as ____ is the persons of view of the self.

A

object

6
Q

This is the ____ on which people reflect when they take the self as an object of thought.

A

self-concept

7
Q

Contemporary psychodynamic thinking focuses on ____-____ – mental models or representations of the self.

A

self-representations

8
Q

Psychodynamic theorists assert that people’s ____ of themselves and others play a key role in personality and psychopathology.

A

representations

9
Q

Thus, the self-concept is an ____ towards the self, which includes beliefs, feelings and tendencies to behave towards oneself in particular ways.

A

attitude

10
Q

Two characteristics distinguish psychodynamic views of the self.
(1) Firstly, they emphasise that people ____ the self with many different positive and negative emotions, which are activated under different circumstances.

A

associate

11
Q

(2) Second, self representations can be ____ and ____, explicit and implicit. These representations can be at odds or completely contradictory.

A

conscious or unconscious

12
Q

Cognitive theorists focus on the way the self-concept ____ thought and memory.

A

shapes

13
Q

One cognitive theorist has proposed that the self-concept is like a theory of ____.

A

oneself

14
Q

Other cognitive theorists proposed that the self-concept is a ____ ____ – a schema about the self that guides the way we think about and remember information relevant to ourselves.

A

self schema

15
Q

Individuals have multiple ____ that guide the way they think about themselves, such as the motive to see themselves accurately.

A

motives

16
Q

Another primary motive regarding the self, which often competes with accuracy motivation, is the motivation to maintain high self-esteem, sometimes referred to as the ____ ___ ____ ____.

A

motive for self-enhancement

17
Q

People generally maintain ____ self-esteem by giving greater emotional weight to areas in which they are more successful.

A

positive

18
Q

When people compare themselves to other people on that particular dimension, a process called social comparison, they often use as the comparison group individuals who are ____ ___ than they are.

A

worse off

19
Q

People may engage in ____ ____, a process by which they set themselves up to fail when success is uncertain in order to preserve their self-esteem.

A

SELF-HANDICAPPING

20
Q

One final means by which people may maintain or even enhance their self-esteem is ‘____ __ ____ ____’ or BIRGing.

A

basking in reflected glory

21
Q

People who BIRG publicly announce their affiliation with another person or group that is successful, even though they had ____ to do with the success of that person or group.

A

nothing

22
Q

A less obvious motive guiding the self is ____-____, the motive to interpret information to fit the way one already sees oneself and to prefer people who verify rather than challenge that view.

A

Self consistency

23
Q

____ people actually prefer to interact with others – including marital partners – who have a negative view of them.

A

Depressed

24
Q

Individuals who perceive themselves negatively appear to avoid people who give them feedback to the ____ for several reasons.

A

contrary

25
Q

They consider the feedback untrue, they feel that the relationship will be smoother and more predictable if the other person understands them and they believe people who view them positively are less ____.

A

perceptive

26
Q

The process by which people attempt to control the impressions that others have of them is called ____-____ or impression management.

A

Self presentation

27
Q

Although it was once thought that people generally try to make ____ impressions on others, researchers now know that the goal is to create desired impressions, either favourable or unfavourable.

A

favourable

28
Q

Instances in which desires to influence the impressions other people form of us fail are termed ____-____ ____, and the emotion most frequently experienced in such situations is embarrassment.

A

SELF-PRESENTATIONAL PREDICAMENTS

29
Q

Individual differences in the degree to which people manage their impressions are referred to as ____-____.

A

SELF-MONITORING.

30
Q

High self-monitors resemble social chameleons. Who they are and how are they present themselves varies with the ____ in which they find themselves.

A

situation

31
Q

Low self-monitors, on the other hand, are much less concerned with the ____ that others form of them.

A

impressions

32
Q

One theory distinguishes three kinds of self concepts: actual, ideal and ought.

A

Self-Concept

34
Q

Refers to people’s views of how they actually are.

A

ACTUAL SELF

35
Q

Refers to the hopes, aspirations and wishes that define the way the person would like to be.

A

IDEAL SELF

36
Q

Includes the duties, obligations and responsibilities that define the way the person should be.

A

OUGHT SELF