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D1S Microbiology U3 > 3 Cytokines > Flashcards

Flashcards in 3 Cytokines Deck (26)
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1
Q

Proteins secreted by cells that mediate the functions of the immune system. Soluble proteins/glycoproteins. Regulate the intensity and duration of the immune response. Necessary for leukocyte activation.

A

Cytokine

2
Q

Cellular sources of cytokines

A
  1. Lymphocytes
  2. Monocytes/Macrophages
  3. Innate and adaptive immune cells
  4. Endothelial/epithelial cells
3
Q

The term _____ refers to the fact that many proteins are produced by one immune cell to act on neighboring cells.

A

Interleukin

4
Q

Cytokine secretion is ____ and self-limited

A

Brief

5
Q

Cytokine action is pleitropic and _____

A

Redundant

6
Q

T/F Cytokines influence each other

A

True

7
Q

Cytokine receptor ligation leads to _____ which alters cellular function

A

Gene expression

8
Q

The principal mediator of the acute inflammatory response to Gram-negative bacteria, endotoxic shock, and chronic inflammatory conditions. Made mainly by monocytes, macrophages, NK cells, DC cells, and T cells. Stimulates recruitment of neutrophils, monocytes, activated T cells.

A

TNF-alpha

9
Q

Low concentrations of TNF-alpha in blood plasma can be ____. How?

Moderate concentrations can be ____. How?

High concentrations can be ____. How?

A

Beneficial. Cellular recruitment and activations of macrophages and T cells

Beneficial. Fever, migration of cells out of bone marrow, more acute phase proteins

BAD. Less muscle contractions (hypotension), blood clots (sticky immune cells), depleted glucose from liver

10
Q

Primarily produced by mononuclear phagocytes and neutrophils. Shares many same effects of TNF-alpha.

A

IL-1

11
Q

Primarily produced by macrophages and T cells. Involved with induction of inflammatory response, but primarily induction of acute phase response.

A

IL-6

12
Q

Primary mediator of innate immune response to intracellular pathogens. Important for generation of adaptive immune response that would be appropriate for intracellular pathogens.

A

IL-12

13
Q

IL-12 importance for innate immunity is in activation of ____. But IL-12 does NOT _____ _____. Instead it stimulates ____ secretion from leukocytes which does the actual activation.

A

Macrophages

Activate macrophages

IFN-gamma

14
Q

Macrophages that phagocytose a pathogen can kill the pathogen when they are exposed to _____

A

IFN-gamma

15
Q

Needed for growth, survival, and differentiation of T cells. Clonal expansion is dependent on this. Produced by T helper cells

A

IL-2

16
Q

Adaptive immunity most effective against intracellular pathogens is _____ cytokines.

Adaptive immunity most effective against extracellular pathogens is ____ cytokines

A

Th1 (T helper type 1)

TH2

17
Q

A key Th2 cytokine. Can induce naive Th cells to differentiate into Th2 cells. Primary stimulus for Ig class switching to IgE

A

IL-4

18
Q

Very similar to IL-4. Primary job is to help induce Ig isotype switching to IgE. Also stimulates mucous production in gut and lung. Can facilitate inflammation by increasing adhesion molecule and chemokine expression.

A

IL-13

19
Q

Primary job is in eosinophil differentiation, proliferation, and activation. Eosinophils are necessary for protection against parasites.

A

IL-5

20
Q

An inhibitory cytokine produced by macrophages, dendritic cells, and T helper cells. Primary function is to inhibit IL-12 production by activated macrophages.

A

IL-10

21
Q

Chemotactic cytokines. Regulate migration of cells to peripheral tissues or lymph nodes

A

Chemokines

22
Q

Receptors for IL-2, 4, 5, 6, 12, 13 are in this family. Signal via Jak-STAT cascades.

A

Type 1 Cytokine Receptor

23
Q

Receptors for IFN-gamma and IL-10. Signals via Jak-STAT. Similar to Type I except the extracellular cytokine binding domain differ.

A

Type II Cytokine Receptors

24
Q

Receptor for TNF-alpha belongs to this family. Multiple signaling cascades can be induced, can lead to transcription factor expression OR apoptosis.

A

TNF Receptor Superfamily

25
Q

Receptor for IL-1 belongs to this family. Similar to Toll-like receptors. Conserved cytosolic sequence (Tir) domain that activates IRAK to signal cascade.

A

IL-1 Receptor Family

26
Q

Chemokine receptors that signal via G-proteins. Rapid and transient signaling cascade.

A

7 Transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors.