2.Skin diseases in horses Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 2.Skin diseases in horses Deck (15)
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1
Q

Steps to dermatologic diagnosis:

A
  • Chief complaint
  • Signalment
  • Dermatologic history
  • Medical history
  • Client credibility
  • Physical examination
  • Differential diagnosis
  • Diagnostic and therapeutic plan
  • Ancillary diagnostic methods
  • Trial therapy
  • Narrowing differential diagnosis
2
Q

What do we look for in a basic routine physical examination of the skin?

A

Systemic diseases with skin signs.

Multiple, independent diseases.

3
Q

Main forms of lesions:

A

Primary, secondary

4
Q

What is spesial for the localization of lesions and the cause?

A

Viral lesions are in specific locations, predilection sites of parasites, specific anatomical localization of tumors.

5
Q

What are the primary skin lesions?

A
– Macule
– Papule / plaque 
– Vesicule
– Pustule
– Urticaria
– Nodule 
– Tumour 
– Cyst
6
Q

What are the secondary skin lesions?

A
– Alopecia
– Scaling
– Crusting
– Scar
– Erosion
– Ulcer
– Lichenification
– Fissure
– Hypo-/hyperpigmentation
 – Necrosis
7
Q

What are som typical areas of skin lesions?

A

Mucocutaneous junctions
Chestnuts
Hooves
Coronary bands.

8
Q

What are the ancillary diagnostic methods of skin diseases? (helping methods)

A
• Haematology (systemic inflammation)
• Biochemistry
– Photosensitivity: skin lesions only on white-haired areas
• Skin scraping (parasites)
• Hair and follicle samples
• Brushing (arthropods)
• Cellotape
– Oxyuriosis, around anus
• Swab, aspiration, impression smears
– Fungi, bacteria, parasites (Habronema), cytology
• Biopsy
– Histopathology
– Immunohistochemistry
• Intra dermal allergy test
9
Q

what are the types of skin biopsy?

A
  • Shave biopsy
  • Punch biopsy
  • Wedge biopsy
  • Excisional biopsy
10
Q

Why do we do a skin biopsy? (what are the indications?)

A
  • To establish a specific diagnosis
  • To rule out differential diagnoses
  • To follow the course of the disease
  • To confirm the completeness of tumour excision
11
Q

how do we examine a lymph node?

A
Physical methods:
• Inspection
• Palpation (external, internal)
Ancillary diagnostic methods:
• Fine needle aspiration (cytology) 
• Biopsy (histopathology)
• Surgical excision (histopathology) 
• Diagnostic imaging - Ultrasonography, endoscopy
12
Q

Which lymph nodes are palpable in horses normally?

A

Mandibular and superficial inguinal

13
Q

Which lymph nodes are palpable when enlarged?

A

Lateral retropharyngeal lymph nodes
Superficial cervical lymph nodes

Rectal exam:
Iliosacral lymph nodes
Mesenteric lymph nodes.

14
Q

Which mucous membranes do we examine?

A
  • Oral mucosa
  • Conjunctiva
  • Nasal mucosa
  • Anal mucosa
  • Genital mucosa
15
Q

What are the normal findings for the mucous membranes?

A
  • Light pink
  • Smooth (conjunctiva: mildly wrinkled)
  • Shiny
  • Moist
  • Intact
  • Blood vessels barely visible
  • Capillary refill time: <2 sec.