29-FRC and Development Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 29-FRC and Development Deck (19)
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1
Q

Female Reproductive Cycle - 2 cycles, length, changes to related organs (2), phases -4

A

Ovarian and Uterine cycles
24-36 days, 28 common
Breasts and Cervix also undergo changes
Menstrual, Preovulatory, Ovulation, Postovulatory phases

2
Q

Menstrual phase - length, hormones (1+2) cause what

A

5 days
FSH changes some primordial follicles to primary then secondary
Estrogens and prostaglandin constrict arterioles from stratum functionalis, cause oxygen deprivation, sheds from uterine wall

3
Q

Preovulatory phase - length, what secretes what hormone, does what, effect in uterus

A

8 days
One secondary follicle secretes Inhibin, all others atresia, develops into mature
Secondary and mature secrete estrogens throughout, causes stratum basalis to produce new stratum functionalis

4
Q

Ovulation - definition, hormone changes (3) and result, mid-cycle event

A

Follicle burst
High levels of Estrogens cause spike in LH, FSH, LH causes rupture
Small amount of blood - spotting, pain - mittelschmerz

5
Q

Postovulatory phase - length, result of burst follicle, what it becomes, what this does to uterus

A

Day 15 to end
Burst follicle becomes corpus hemorrhagicum, add ovarian cells becomes corpus luteum.
Corpus luteum secretes progesterone, estrogens, relaxin, Inhibin.
Progesterone and estrogens promote growth of vascularization of superficial endometrium.

6
Q

Postovulatory - fertilization (2) and non-fertilization ()

A

Fertilization - corpus luteum persists past 2 weeks due to hCG from embryo
-uterus allows for implantation
Non-fertilization - corpus luteum degenerates to corpus albicans
- Progesterone and estrogen decline, endometrium sloughs off

7
Q

Fertilization - N/2N, what must happen for fertilization to occur, blocks what

A

Haploid oocyte + haploid sperm for diploid zygote
Sperm must penetrate corona radiata and zona pellucida before fertilization can occur
Fertilization blocks polyspermy

8
Q

Stages after zygote - 2 + 2

A

Zygote mitotically divides - cleavage
Day 4 - morula - solid sphere of cells
Day 5 - hollow blastocyst
- Embryoblast - internal, develops into embryo
- Trophoblast - outer, develops into placenta

9
Q

Trophoblast - 2 sublayers

A

Syncytiotrophoblast - becomes placenta

Cytotrophoblast - implantation, new cellular layers

10
Q

Gastrulation - 5

A
Bilayer embryonic disc - hypoblast, epiblast, 8 days from fertilization
Bilaminar moves to trilaminar 15 days
Endoderm
Mesoderm
Ectoderm
11
Q

Endoderm - 7

A

Gstrointestinal tract
pharynx, tonsils
trachea, bronchi, lungs
gametes

12
Q

Mesoderm - 6

A

Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Cartilage, bone, connective tissue
Dermis of skin

13
Q

Ectoderm - 3

A

Nervous tissue
Epidermis of skin
Neuroepithelium of sense organs

14
Q

Development - organogenesis - 5

A

Weeks 4-8
Foregut, midgut, hindgut
Pharyngeal/brachial arches

15
Q

Pharyngeal Arch I - 3

A

Mandibular - mandible, maxilla, trigeminal nerve (v2 and v3)

16
Q

Pharyngeal Arch II - 2

A

Hyoid - upper hyoid, facial nerve (VII)

17
Q

Pharyngeal Arch III - 2

A

Lower hyoid, glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

18
Q

Pharyngeal Arch IV - 2

A

Thyroid cartilage, contributions to vagus nerve (X)

19
Q

Pharyngeal Arch VI - 2

A

Cricoid cartilages, contribution to vagus nerve (X)