2.8. Blood Glucose Levels and Obesity Flashcards Preview

Higher Human Biology > 2.8. Blood Glucose Levels and Obesity > Flashcards

Flashcards in 2.8. Blood Glucose Levels and Obesity Deck (15)
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1
Q

What can chronic blood glucose levels lead to?

A

Atherosclerosis and blood vessel damage.

2
Q

What happens if diabetes is left untreated?

A

The endothelium absorb more glucose than needed which can cause damage. This may lead to atherosclerosis, CVD, stroke or PVDs.

3
Q

What three hormones are most important in the regulation of blood glucose levels?

A

Adrenaline, Glucagon and Insulin.

4
Q

Where in the body are blood glucose levels measured?

A

The pancreas.

5
Q

What happens in the body when blood glucose levels are too high?

A

The pancreas secretes more insulin than glucagon. Insulin makes the liver cells more permeable to glucose and activates the glucose to glycogen conversion. This will decrease blood sugar levels.

6
Q

What happens in the body when blood glucose levels are too low?

A

The pancreas secretes more glucagon than insulin. The glycogen to glucose conversion is activated instead which raises blood sugar levels.

7
Q

What happens to our blood glucose levels during exercise?

A

Glucose levels are raised by adrenaline released from the adrenal glands. This stimulates glucagon secretion and inhibits insulin secretion. Glucagon secretion as we know, increased glucose levels.

8
Q

What is the cause of type-1 diabetes?

A

Someones biological inability to produce insulin. It occurs usually in childhood and can be treated by regular insulin injections.

9
Q

What is the cause of type-2 diabetes?

A

This type occurs mainly in overweight people. People with type-2 produce insulin, but their cells are less sensitive to it. This is linked to a decrease in the number of insulin receptors on liver cells leading to thew glucose to glycogen conversion not being activated. Treatment includes dietary adjustments.

10
Q

What is a good way to test for diabetes?

A

Urine samples.

11
Q

How is obesity characterised?

A

An excess of body fat in relation to lean muscle.

12
Q

How do you calculate BMI?

A

Body weight (kg) / Height (m^2)

13
Q

If someone had a BMI of 31, what category would they fall under?

A

Obese.

14
Q

What is a disadvantage of BMI?

A

The additional weight on someone could be muscle, not fat.

15
Q

What is a more accurate measurement of body fat?

A

Body density measurement due to fat being less dense than muscle.