2.3 Metabolic Rate Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 2.3 Metabolic Rate Deck (30)
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1
Q

Define ‘Metabolic Rate’

A

Quantity of energy used in a given period of time

2
Q

What three things can be used to measure metabolic rate?

A

Oxygen consumption
Carbon Dioxide output
Heat energy output

3
Q

Describe a ‘Respirometer’

A

Sealed unit with a known volume of air
Contains NaOH to absorb Co2
Organism breathes and uses up oxygen, and releases Co2
Total volume of air decreases
Coloured liquid in capillary tube moves upwards to fill space

4
Q

What is ‘Basal Metabolic Rate’?

A

Metabolic rate at rest

5
Q

How can Oxygen consumption be measured?

A

Respirometer

6
Q

How can Carbon Dioxide Output be monitored?

A

CO2 monitors

7
Q

How can heat energy be monitored?

A

Thermometer

8
Q

What does high metabolic rate require?

A

Efficient delivery of Oxygen to cells

9
Q

Describe the circulatory systems of mammals

A

Complete Double

10
Q

Describe the heart structure of fish

A

1 atrium, 1 ventricle

11
Q

Describe the gas exchange system in birds

A

Very efficient
Parabronchi, keeps air flowing in one direction
Able to extract more oxygen
Fresh air to posterior air sac
Passes through parabronchi to front air sac (stale)

12
Q

Describe the circulatory system of amphibians

A

Incomplete Double

13
Q

Describe the heart structure of reptiles

A

2 atrium

1 ventricle

14
Q

What minimises the mixing of blood in amphibians/reptiles?

A

Timings of contractions of hearts

15
Q

Describe the circulatory system of fish

A

Complete Single

16
Q

Describe the heart structure of mammals and birds

A

2 atria, 2 ventricles

17
Q

Describe a disadvantage of the fish circulation system

A

Loss of pressure as blood passes through gills

18
Q

Describe a feature of reptile and amphibian circulation

A

Mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

19
Q

What are two advantages of the mammal circulation system?

A
  • Pressure is maintained

- No mixing of different types of bloods

20
Q

Describe the amphibian gas exchange system

A

Buccal Cavity - before the lung, forces air into the lung

Exchange gases through the moist skin

21
Q

Describe the similarities in reptile/mammalian gas exchange systems

A

Both have a highly branched system containing air sacs

22
Q

What is an advantage of the parabronchi gas exchange system>

A
  • Able to extract more oxygen

- Keep air flowing in one direction

23
Q

Why do birds require an efficient delivery of oxygen to cells?

A

Because they have a high metabolic rate due to lots of flying and activity during the day

24
Q

Describe a human physiological adaptation to high oxygen niches

A
  • Increased red blood cells
  • Increased haemoglobin
  • Increased breathing rate
25
Q

What do the adaptations of humans at high altitudes allow for?

A

Increased oxygen carrying capacity of the blood, to maintain high metabolic rate needed

26
Q

Describe a deep water physiological adaption

A

Seals

  • Slow down their heart rate
  • Collapse their lungs
27
Q

Why do seals slow down their heart rate when going into deep water?

A

To conserve oxygen and allow them to stay submerged for longer periods of times

28
Q

Why do seals collapse their lungs when diving?

A

Decrease their buoyancy allowing them to sink faster, conserving energy for hunting

29
Q

What is VO2 Max?

A

Maximum Oxygen Uptake during strenuous exercise

30
Q

How can VO2Max be used as a measure of human fitness?

A

Higher the V02 max - fitter the individual

V02 Max is reached when oxygen uptake stays steady even when workload increases