21 Signs and Symptoms of Respiratory Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Useful table: Disease, chest movement, percussion, breath sounds (on auscultation)

A
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2
Q

Give an example of a non-respiratory condition that might cause breathlessness.(4)

A
  • Anaemia
  • Heart failure
  • Obesity
  • Diabetic ketoacidosis
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3
Q

A patient presents with dyspnoea. How can we explore this symptom further? (4)

A
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4
Q

A patient presents with chest pain, give some differential diagnosis for the following areas:

  1. Pleura
  2. Mediastinal structures
  3. Chest wall
A
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5
Q

How is cardiac pain likely to present? What cardiac condition does not present in this way?

A

Central, dull, poorly localised, heaviness, radiates to shoulder and jaw, won’t be worse breathing in

Pericarditis will present with sharp pain

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6
Q

How does the cough reflex work?

A

Stimulation: mechano/chemo receptors in airway

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7
Q

A patient presents with a cough, how can we explore this symptom further?

A
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8
Q

If a patient is consistently producing large volumes of yellow/green sputum when they cough, what could this be suggestive of?

A

Bronchiectasis

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9
Q

Give 3 non-respiratory causes of a cough.

A
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10
Q

Differetiate between a wheeze and stridor.

A
  • Wheeze
    • normally on expiration
    • may only be heard with stethoscope
    • narrowing of intrathoracic (small airways)
  • Stridor
    • normally on inspiration
      • (both if really bad)
    • may be heard without stethoscope
    • obstruction of extrathoracic (large, upper airways)
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11
Q

Why might involvement of the diaphragm and pleura in pathology cause referred pain to the shoulder?

A

C3-5 dermatome

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12
Q

Why might someone with COPD be breathing with pursed lips?

A

Pursed lips- increase resistance to airflow on expiration

  • Pressure in thoracic cavity doesnt drop as quickly*
  • Prolong period for gas exchange*
  • Open small airways longer*
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13
Q

What might cause a shift in tracheal position?

A

Push: Pneumothorax, large pleural effusion

Pull: lung fibrosis

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14
Q

What respiratory condition might cause dull percussion and whsat respiratory condition might cause stony-dull percussion?

A
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15
Q

What might the following sounds on clinical examination of the respiratory system suggest?

  • Fine crackles
  • Coarse crackles
  • Pleural rub (like someone walking through snow)
A
  • Fine crackles
    • pulmonary fibrosis
  • Coarse crackles
    • COPD, bronchiectasis
  • Pleural rub (like someone walking through snow)
    • Inflammation of pleura
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