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Repro > 21 - Embryology > Flashcards

21 - Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

what 3 things occur at week 3?

A

gastrulation

neurulation

somite formation

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2
Q

what occurs between weeks 4-8?

A

organogenesis

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3
Q

what occurs from week 9 to post-natal period?

A

maturation of organ systems

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4
Q

which system forms the template for the reproductive system?

A

urinary system

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5
Q

how many sets of kidneys develop during urinary system development and why?

A

3 - each acts as a template for the subsequent stage

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6
Q

what is the first set of kidneys which develop?

A

Pronephros – cervical region – vestigial

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7
Q

what is the second set of kidneys which develop?

A

Mesonephros – thoracolumbar region – briefly functional

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8
Q

what is the third set of kidneys which develop?

A

Metanephros – pelvic region – functional

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9
Q

when does genital (gonadal) ridge formation occur?

A

week 5-6

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10
Q

how does gonadal ridge form?

A

@ ~ week6, Medial part of mesonephric ridge becomes thickened to form gonadal ridge

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11
Q

what is formed when germ cells migrate into the gonadal ridge?

A

indifferent gonad

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12
Q

how do germ cells migrate to gonadal ridge?

A

migrate from yolk sac, via dorsal mesentery, and embed into primitive sex cords

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13
Q

how is paramesonephric duct formed?

A

Epithelium of the mesonephros invaginates to form a tube

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14
Q

describe urinary and reproductive formations in males (4)?

A

1 - gonad forms testis

2 - Mesonephric duct develops into epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle

3 - Paramesonephric duct degenerates

4 - Urogenital sinus forms bladder, urethra; and prostate

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15
Q

describe urinary and reproductive formations in females (4)?

A

1 - Gonad forms the ovary

2 - Mesonephric duct degenerates

3 - Paramesonephric duct forms fallopian tube, uterus, cervix part of vagina

4 - Urogenital sinus forms bladder and lower part of vagina

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16
Q

describe the origin of seminal vesicles?

A

Outgrowth from caudal end of mesonephric duct

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17
Q

describe the origin of prostate?

A

Outgrowth(s) from urethra (from urogenital sinus)

18
Q

which hormone influences the formation of male external genitalia?

A

testosterone

19
Q

how does indifferent gonad develop into testis?

A

presence of TDF

20
Q

how does indifferent gonad develop into ovaries?

A

by default - no TDF or SRY region

21
Q

what is the result of absence of testosterone in females?

A

degeneration of mesonephros and mesonephric duct

22
Q

what gives rise to the female genital tract?

A

Paramesonephric ducts

23
Q

Cranial (open funnel) end of paramesonephric duct becomes associated with what in females?

A

ovary

24
Q

what does the Caudal end of paramesonephric duct (uterovaginal primordium) become in females?

A

uterus and superior part of vagina

25
Q

what develops into the inferior part of the vagina?

A

urogenital sinus

26
Q

in males, what occurs at week 7?

A

descent of testis to level of T10

27
Q

in males, what occurs at week 12?

A

descent of testis to level of deep inguinal ring

28
Q

when do the testis enter the scrotum?

A

week 39 - just prior to birth

29
Q

in females, what occurs at week 7?

A

descent of ovaries to level of T10

30
Q

in females, what occurs at week 12?

A

descent of ovaries to level of broad ligament

31
Q

once ovaries have descended, what does the round ligament do?

A

Round ligament drawn through inguinal canal to attach to labrum majorum

32
Q

what is associated with descent of testis?

A

Formation of the larger inguinal canal

33
Q

what is associated with descent of ovaries?

A

the presence of the round ligament and its passage through the inguinal canal

34
Q

define Cryptorchidism?

A

a condition in which one or both of the testes fail to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum

35
Q

4 reasons for absence of testes in scrotum?

A

Undescended

Ectopic

Retractile testes

Absent testes

36
Q

3 complications associated with Cryptorchidism?

A

Infertility

Malignant transformation (germ cell tumours)

Testicular torsion

37
Q

how to manage Cryptorchidism?

A

Orchiopexy

38
Q

give an example of a condition which arises due to remnants of mesonephric duct?

A

gartner’s cysts

39
Q

give 4 examples of anomalies of the paramesonephric duct?

A

Complete duplication

Bicornuate uterus

Septate uterus

Arcuate uterus

40
Q

what does mesonephric duct become?

A

vas deferens

41
Q

what ultimately determines the differentiation of gonads?

A

presence of SRY region

42
Q

what does mesoderm become?

A

indifferent gonad

Repro (28 decks)

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