2015 physiology

Question 1

A man had a total vascular resistance of 20. As he climbed a high altitude, his blood viscosity rose by 20%. What will his total vascular resistance be after acclimatizing?
A) 16 
B) 18 
C) 20 
D) 24

Answer 1

D) 24

Question 2

Why can’t elderly cope with excessive heat?
A) Increased MRP
B) Decreased activity/output of sweat gland
C) Decreased PSNS
D) Inactivation of the thyroid gland

Answer 2

B) Decreased activity/output of sweat gland

Question 3

Which term is used when a membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting membrane potential?
A) Depolarization
B) Hyperpolarization 
C) Overshoot
D) Repolarization

Answer 3

B) Hyperpolarization

Question 4

What is a characteristic of facilitated diffusion? 
A) Non-specific
B) Carrier-mediated
C) Works against concentration gradient 
D) Requires ATP

Answer 4

B) Carrier-mediated

Question 5

Which event can lead to a reduction of ICF osmolarity? 
A) Excessive water intake
B) Excessive water loss from the body 
C) IV infusion of 1.5% NaCl solution 
D) Loss 1L of blood

Answer 5

A) Excessive water intake

Question 6

Which physiological process leads to synaptic depression in the short term synaptic plasticity?
A) Increased residual calcium in the presynaptic compartment
B) Reduced amount of releasable NTs
C) Reduced response by postsynaptic receptors
D) Saturation of postsynaptic receptors

Answer 6

B) Reduced amount of releasable NTs

Question 7

Which transmembrane receptor is made of a single peptide chain which contains 7 alpha helices?
A) Epidermal growth factor receptor 
B) G-protein coupled receptor
C) Tyrosine kinase 
D) Guanylate cyclase

Answer 7

B) G-protein coupled receptor

Question 8

What’s the most important buffer intracellularly?
A) Proteins
B) Bicarbonate
C) Phosphate

Answer 8

A) Proteins

Question 9

What is most likely to decrease due to a decrease in RBC count (anemia)?

a. Vascular Compliance
b. Total Vascular Resistance
c. Cardiac Output
d. Pulse pressure

Answer 9

b. Total Vascular Resistance

Question 10

The release of which hormone causes a decrease in calcium levels?

a. Parathyroid hormone
b. Calcitriol
c. Calcitonin
d. Thyroxine

Answer 10

c. Calcitonin

Question 11

What is the electric potential of a cell that has 13mM of Na ions inside and 130mM of Na ions outside if all Na channels were open?

a. +58 mV
b. -58 mV
c. -61 mV
d. +61 mV

Answer 11

d. +61 mV

Question 12

Adrenergic receptors bind adrenaline and noradrenaline but not any other neurotransmitter. What is this property called?

a. Antagonism
b. Competition
c. Saturation
d. Specificity

Answer 12

d. Specificity

Question 13

How does a cell move fast on a surface?

a. Cilia propeller
b. Exocytosis from the front and endocytosis from the back

Answer 13

b. Exocytosis from the front and endocytosis from the back

Question 14

If a hormone binds to a member of Janus kinase (JAKkinase) what will happen?
A) JAK kinase will dissociate from the membrane
B) Release a second messenger will occur
C) Phosphorylation of STAT will occur

Answer 14

C) Phosphorylation of STAT will occur

Question 15

What is the function of non-motor microtubule-associated proteins?
A) Regulation of microtubule assembly
B) ATP binding

Answer 15

A) Regulation of microtubule assembly

Question 16

Which of the following has the highest oxygen concentration?
A) 21% oxygen at barometric pressure
B) 100%oxygen at barometric pressure
C) Blood with 21% oxygen at barometric pressure
D) Blood with 100% oxygen at barometric pressure

Answer 16

D) Blood with 100% oxygen at barometric pressure

Question 17

which of the following result in most of the heat loss in a newly born child?
A) Conduction
B) Convection
C) Evaporation

Answer 17

C) Evaporation

Question 18

How to inactivate non-gated ion channels/receptors?

Answer 18

Internalization

Question 19

What determines Water permeability in renal tubules? 
A) AQP 1 basolateral
B) AQP 2 apical 
C) ADH
D) Claudin type

Answer 19

D) Claudin type

Question 20

What is the molecular defect associated with Glucose intolerance?
A) Reduction of insulin-dependent glucose transporter
B) Beta cells of the pancreas don’t respond to blood glucose

Answer 20

B) Beta cells of the pancreas don’t respond to blood glucose

but another exam has A

Question 21

pH 7.55 (7.35-7.45)
PCO2 52 mmHg (35-45mmHg) 
HCO3- 40 mmol/l (22-26 mmol/L)
What is the underlying disorder? 
A) Respiratory acidosis
B) Respiratory alkalosis 
C) Metabolic acidosis 
D) Metabolic alkalosis

Answer 21

D) Metabolic alkalosis

Question 22

Upon increased blood pressure, vascular endothelial cells secreted signals that diffused to adjacent smooth muscle cells in an attempt to decrease the blood pressure by vasodilation. What is this method of cell-to-cell communication?
A) Gap junction 
B) Intracrine 
C) Autocrine 
D) Paracrine

Answer 22

D) Paracrine

Question 23

which of the following is the cause of the Donnan effect?
A) Proteins inside cells
B) Proteins in interstitial space
C) Proteins in plasma

Answer 23

C) Proteins in plasma

Question 24

which of the following stimulates vascular smooth muscle relaxation?
A) Activation of Rhokinase
B) Activation of SERCA
C) Inhibition of SERCA

Answer 24

B) Activation of SERCA