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MSK - 3rd year > 2012 module exam > Flashcards

2012 module exam Flashcards

1
Q

What precursor feature is lost when a mature Tropocollagen structure is formed from procollagen?

A

Disulfide links

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2
Q

Failure of fusion of vertebral arches?

A

Spina bifida

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3
Q

An amino acid undergoing change to produce a reactive group linking collagen together?

a. Lysine
b. Glycine
c. Leporine

A

a. Lysine

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4
Q

What is the keystone to the medial longitudinal arch?

A

Talus

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5
Q

Damage of which muscle would affect medial rotation of the arm?

A

Subscapularis

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6
Q

Male with purpura cryoglobulinemia?

A

HCV

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7
Q

From where is the subscapular artery?

a. 1st part of axillary
b. 2nd part of axillary
c. 3rd part of axillary
d. Brachial

A

c. 3rd part of axillary

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8
Q

ATP binding to myosin head results in?

A

Detachment of myosin head from f-actin

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9
Q

What is important for the trimeric stable structure?

a. Disulfide bond
b. Ionic bond
c. Hydrogen bond
d. Hydrophobic feature

A

c. Hydrogen bond

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10
Q

Covalent interactions between these elements stabilize the mature collagen fibril?

A

Collagen triple helices (allysine-lysine or allysine-allysine)

(*COVALENT cross linkage is between two collagen triple helices, but HYDROGEN BONDS are within one collagen triple helix)

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11
Q

Removal of these elements happens in procollagen processing?

A

Disulfide linkage

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12
Q

Why is the mutation rate much higher in mitochondrial genome than in nuclear genome?

a. Circular mitochondrial genome
b. Histones bound to mitochondrial genome
c. Abundant O2 radical production in the mitochondria
d. Slow replication of mitochondrial genome
e. Mitochondrial genome is single stranded

A

c. Abundant O2 radical production in the mitochondria

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13
Q

A 60 year old woman with back pain. On radiological studies there was compression fracture in L3 and hyperlucency in the vertebrae, what will you find in histology?

A

Thin trabeculae

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14
Q

Which muscle is likely to be affected in piriformis syndrome?

A

Biceps femoris

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15
Q

Most common bone affected in osteomyelitis?

A

Femur

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16
Q

Ragged red fibers?

A

Indicate mitochondrial myopathy

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17
Q

A 37 year old female with malar rash and glomerulonephropathy and positive anti-nuclear antibody. What is the most likely pathophysiology of her condition?

A

Immune complex deposition

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18
Q

Failure of one half of the vertebral centrum to ossify?

A

Scoliosis

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19
Q

What cells are responsible for the tissue damage in rheumatoid arthritis?

a. Th1
b. Th2
c. Plasma cells
d. Natural killer cells
e. Cytotoxic T cells

A

a. Th1 (produce cytokine soup with help of activated macrophages)

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20
Q

What artery passes with the radial nerve in the radial groove of humerus?

a. Profunda brachii
b. Axillary
c. Brachial
d. Radial

A

a. Profunda brachii

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21
Q

What will be lost or impaired when the common fibular nerve is injured at the head of the fibula?

A

Eversion

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22
Q

What structure contributes to development of vertebrae?

a. Notochord
b. Sclerotome
c. Dermatome
d. Ectoderm

A

b. Sclerotome

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23
Q

A storage form of ATP?

A

Creatinine-phosphate

24
Q

Metabolite of cori cycle?

A

Lactate

25
Q

Substrate of adenylate kinase?

A

ADP

26
Q

A 32 year old woman suffering from arthritis and rash on her face with evidence of viral DNA in the synovial fluid?

A

Parvovirus B19

(Parvovirus B19 has ssDNA and erythema infectiousum can occur in children and sometimes in adults; it can cause immune-complex arthritis with rash. Rubella has ssRNA so it can’t be the answer; it presents with maculopapular rash on face. HBV hasdsDNA and may lead to arthritis-dermatitis syndrome (immune complex mediated). HCV is also ssRNA and presents with myalgia and cryoglobulinemia

27
Q

A 45 year old man suffering from headache, fever, and arthritis for the last 5 days after being bit by a mosquito in a tropical country?

A

Dengue fever

28
Q

Which one of the following ligaments prevents upward dislocation?

A

Coracoacromial ligament

29
Q

In RA study, the incidence rate is low but the prevalence is high. What is the cause?

a. Genetics
b. Gender distribution
c. Increased duration of disease

A

c. Increased duration of disease

30
Q

Most common place where immune complex is cleared in the body?

a. Liver
b. Kidney
c. Thyroid

A

a. Liver

31
Q

Where do immune complexes commonly deposit in SLE?

a. Liver
b. Kidney
c. Heart

A

b. Kidney

32
Q

SLE prevalence is changed recently. Why?

A

Increase in incidence and early diagnosis

33
Q

Responsible for bone resorption during fracture healing?

A

Osteoclast

34
Q

Which foot movement takes place in subtalar joints?

a. Dorsiflexion + plantar flexion
b. Adduction + abduction
c. Inversion + eversion
d. Medial + lateral rotation
e. Internal + external rotation

A

c. Inversion + eversion

35
Q

What happens metabolically immediately after calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

Glycogenolysis

36
Q

Most frequent amino acid sequence in cartilage

A

Gly-X-Y

Gly is glycine, X & Y can be any amino acid

37
Q

A 15 year old is complaining of pain and swelling in his leg. Needle core biopsy of a tumor in his femur shows lace-like pink material, atypical cells with dark nuclei and mitosis. What is the diagnosis?

A

Osteosarcoma

38
Q

Increase in which leads to rise in uric acid solubility?

a. Na
b. K
c. Ca
d. pH
e. Lactate acid

A

d. pH

39
Q

What is the percentage of acute back pain?

A

90%

40
Q

What nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Deep fibular

41
Q

What muscle has the main function of scapula retraction?

A

Rhomboid

42
Q

Injury of what nerve causes the loss of flexion of forearm?

a. Radial n
b. Median n
c. Ulnar n
d. Musculocutaneous n
e. Med cutaneous n

A

Musculocutaneous

43
Q

If a soccer player has anterior cruciate ligament tear. What is the best management?

a. Knee replacement
b. Knee reconstruction surgery

A

b. Knee reconstruction surgery

44
Q

Which part of the spinal nerve innervates epaxial muscles?

a. Dorsal primary ramus
b. Ventral primary ramus
c. Dorsal root
d. Ventral root

A

a. Dorsal primary ramus

45
Q

Loss of articular cartilage?

A

Narrow joint space on X-ray

46
Q

Converted to 6-MP and inhibits purine synthesis?

A

Azathioprine

47
Q

Obese woman presented with pain and loss of articular cartilage. What is the diagnosis?

A

Osteoarthritis

48
Q

A 55 year old patient with slipped disc complaining of pain radiating from the lumbar region to the back of the thigh and leg and lateral margin of the foot. What nerve root is the slipped disc compressing?

A

S1 (refer to dermatomes of leg diagram)

49
Q

Dislocation of zygapophyseal joint at L2&3. Which nerve root is affected?

A

L3

50
Q

Which vein or plexus directly drains the vertebral body?

A

Basivertebral vein

51
Q

Bilateral contraction of the erector spinae leads to which movement mainly?

A

Extension of spine, head, and neck

52
Q

Radiological sign of anterior cruciate ligament tear?

A

Tibial spine in x-ray

*X-ray will show “avulsion of tibial attachment”

53
Q

Vein that directly drains the spinal cord?

A

Intervertebral vein

54
Q

Patient has osteomyelitis in west America. In specimen, arthroconidia was found?

A

Coccidiodomycosis

55
Q

Person standing on an uneven ground. His foot is in hyper inversion and is plantar flexed. Which ligament is most likely to be sprained?

A

Anterior talofibular

MSK - 3rd year (19 decks)

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