2011 I&I Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is found in the splenic white pulp?

a. Primary nodule
b. Secondary nodule
c. Germinal centers

A

c. Germinal centers

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2
Q

A child is living in a poor family, where his parents are constantly outside the house working or looking for a job. The child met a group of children of the same age who were involved in high-risk behaviors. Over time, he joined them in these behaviors. What is an endogenous predisposing factor that made this child get into such behaviors?

a. School failure
b. Lack of parental supervision
c. Poverty
d. Peer approval of the behavior
e. Sensation seeking

A

e. Sensation seeking

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3
Q

What are cyclical neutropenia and severe congenital neutropenia examples for?

a. Disorders of B cell synthesis
b. Disorder of neutrophil number
c. Disorders of Tcell cytokines

A

b. Disorder of neutrophil number

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4
Q

What is the most common cause of villitis?

A

Unknown cause

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5
Q

Which of the following receptors is considered the main door for HIV entry into the T helper cells?

a. CD3
b. CD4
c. CD8

A

b. CD4

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6
Q

What condition is associated with congenital hydrops fetalis?

A

Erythema infectiosum

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7
Q

What is correct about MHC class II molecules?

a. They are HLA-DP HLA-DQ HLA-DR
b. They are HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C

A

a. They are HLA-DP HLA-DQ HLA-DR

b= Class I

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8
Q

Which of the following drugs is used to treat chronic hepatitis B?

A

Lamivudine

long term use of this causes resistance??

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9
Q

Which of the following hemorrhagic viruses can cause fatal outbreaks in hospitals?

a. influenza
b. HCV
c. Ebola virus

A

c. Ebola virus

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10
Q

Which of the following heating/sterilizing techniques is the most effective?

a. Heat under pressure
b. Pasteuraization
c. Dry heat
d. Boiling water

A

no answer

maybe a

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11
Q

What is the function of interferon alpha during a viral infection?

a. Inhibit viral replication
b. Expression of MHC-II molecules

A

b. Expression of MHC-II molecules

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12
Q

What is precipitation used to detect?

A

Soluble antigen-antibody complexes

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13
Q

What infection can a pregnant woman get immunized against?

A

Tetanus

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14
Q

What is used as a prophylaxis against meningococcal meningitis in a pregnant woman going to haj?

a. Ceftriaxone
b. Ciprofloxacin
c. Rifampicin

A

a. Ceftriaxone

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15
Q

What infection has post-exposure immunoglobulin prophylaxis?

A

HBV

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16
Q

What mechanism of antibiotic resistance is demonstrated in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus?

A

Alterations in penicilin binding proteins

17
Q

What specimen can be used to detect syphilis of the newborn?

a. umbilical cord
b. placenta

A

b. placenta

18
Q

What is the specimen of choice used in the case of pyrexia of unknown origin?

A

Blood

19
Q

A woman got into an accident. In which of the following conditions would radiolabeled leukocytes be ordered?

A

Fever of unknown reason

20
Q

A homosexual man who experiences fatigue and weight loss, his oral cavity was examined and showed whitish lesions. What can be the cause?

A

Candidiasis

21
Q

Which of the following can be a cause of autoimmune diseases?

A

Molecular mimicry

22
Q

What happens to the neutrophils in hypersensitivity reaction type III?

A

They degranulate and release lytic enzymes

23
Q

What is a function of complement?

A

Chemotaxis

24
Q

Which of the following can be a cause of deficiency of mature CD4+ cells?

A

MHC-II deficiency

25
Q

What does a cytotoxic T cell recognize?

A

Epitope presented by MHC-I molecules

26
Q

What is the difference between cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells?

A

Tc cells recognize MHC molecules while NK don’t

27
Q

What do T helper cells use to recognize MHC-II molecules?

A

CD4 receptors

TCR not in the choices

28
Q

What is the most efficient way of fighting toxins produced by bacteria?

A

Neutralization by antibody

29
Q

What is the cause of Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia?

A

No maturation of B cells

30
Q

What is the most common cause of pneumonitis in a patient with a kidney transplant?

a. Cytomegalovirus
b. BK virus

A

a. Cytomegalovirus

31
Q

How do cytotoxic T cells mediate immune reaction against virus-infected cells?

A

Apoptosis

32
Q

A man who got bitten by a dog developed an infection in his finger with redness and swelling.
What is the causative microorganism?

A

Pasteurella multocida

33
Q

A woman who got bitten by a cat developed an infection in her hand 1 week later. What is the most likely cause?

A

Pasteurella species

34
Q

What characterizes bacillus anthracis from other bacillus species?

A

Polypeptide capsule

35
Q

What is another type of cells is also infected in an HIV-infected patient in the CNS?

A

Microglia

36
Q

Which of the following is part of acquired immunity?

a. cilia
b. Cytotoxic T cells
c. basophils
d. macrophages

A

Cytotoxic T cells

37
Q

What is the rationale from using a combination of drugs in HAART for treating HIV infections?

A

To overcome or prevent the development of multidrug-resistant strains of the virus