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MSK - 3rd year > 2009 module exam > Flashcards

2009 module exam Flashcards

1
Q

Which muscle is responsible for shrugging off against resistance?

A

Trapezius

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2
Q

Which muscle is used for pushing the trunk up while climbing a tree?

A

Latissmus dorsi

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3
Q

Which movement will be lost when a fracture to the tip of the acromion occur?

A

Flexion

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4
Q

Which nerve is affected for lateral rotation beyond 15 degrees?

A

Axillary nerve

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5
Q

Which is a consequence of rotator cuff muscle injury?

A

Painful arc

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6
Q

Which muscle is used for manual drive screw to wood?

A

Biceps brachii

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7
Q

Which artery is responsible for superficial palmar arch?

A

Ulnar

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8
Q

Which is the most common bone of the hand related to fractures?

A

Scaphoid

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9
Q

Which artery runs laterally to pisiform bone?

A

Ulnar

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10
Q

Which muscle is used for medial rotation of humerus?

A

Subscapularis

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11
Q

Which nerve is formed by medial root?

A

Ulnar nerve

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12
Q

Which of the following causes a claw hand?

A

Damage to inferior brachial plexus

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13
Q

Which nerve forms the lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm?

A

Musculocutaneous

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14
Q

Which nerve damage causes winging of scapula?

A

Long thoracic nerve

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15
Q

Damage to musculocutaneous nerve would cause a loss of?

A

Flexion of forearm

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16
Q

Flexion of the MCP and PIP joints of the ring and little fingers is due to a problem in the…

A

Palmar aponeurosis

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17
Q

Which structure exits from the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

Obturator internus

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18
Q

Which ligament is responsible for preventing overextension of the hip joint?

A

Iliofemoral

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19
Q

What is the main blood supply to the head and neck of the femur bone?

A

Medial circumflex femoral

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20
Q

What is the major flexor of the thigh?

A

Iliopsoas

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21
Q

Which of the following flexes the knee joint?

A

Biceps femoris

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22
Q

What is the main muscle that causes dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot?

A

Tibialis anterior

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23
Q

Which is a part of the knee capsule?

A

Popletius

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24
Q

Patient does flexion of the left knee, then internal rotation,
then abduction, then extension, and you hear crackling sounds. What is the cause of the sounds?

A

Lateral meniscus

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25
Q

Which nerve is found near the biceps femoris and the shaft of the tibia?

A

Common peroneal nerve

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26
Q

Which are responsible for adduction of the toes of the leg?

A

Plantar interossei

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27
Q

Avulsion of the subtalar joint would prevent

A

Inversion + eversion

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28
Q

Which is supplied by medial plantar nerve?

A

Abductor hallicus

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29
Q

Which is a competitive inhibitor for xanthine oxidase?

A

Allopurinol

(we know the LT says it’s a non-competitive
inhibitor, but in the net it says that it is competitive in low
doses, and there is no other right answer)

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30
Q

What is given for induction of labor?

A

PGE2

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31
Q

Which drug is used when acetaminophen is toxic?

A

Acetylcysteine

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32
Q

Which drug is used when RA with peptic ulcer disease?

A

Celexocib

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33
Q

Which drug is mainly for IBD?

A

Sulfasalazine

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34
Q

Which drug reverses the action of methotrexate?

A

Leucovorin

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35
Q

Which drug inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase?

A

Leflunomide

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36
Q

What would happen if Na/K pump is blocked?

A

Resting membrane potential collapse

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37
Q

What causes the unidirectional propagation of AP?

A

Hyperpolarization in refractory period

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38
Q

What is the docking protein in nerve terminal?

A

Synaptobrevin + syntaxin

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39
Q

What is retrieval of vesicle membrane from the nerve

membrane called?

A

Endocytosis

40
Q

What’s the outcome of giving α-latrotoxin (from black widow spider)?

A

Ca independent exocytosis

41
Q

What is the likely cause of decreased muscle contraction/twitch?

A

Decreased Ca at muscle fibers

42
Q

What’s responsible for the initiation of ATP-dependent power stroke movement between actin and myosin?

A

Myosin-head

43
Q

What causes maximum contraction of muscles?

A

Complete overlap between actin and myosin

44
Q

Unstimulated muscle is stretched by a tool from both sides

A

Increased passive tension

45
Q

Muscle continuous stimulation of 80 Hz

A

Induction of tetanization

46
Q

High energy for short periods is modulated by

A

Creatine phosphate

47
Q

Allosteric activator of glycolysis and glyconeolysis

A

AMP

48
Q

What is the regulator of fatty acid in aerobic metabolism?

A

AMP-Activated Kinase

49
Q

Which cell is responsible for bone resorption?

A

Osteoclasts

50
Q

Which disease is caused by a mutation to FGFR3?

A

Achondroplasia

51
Q

Which disease is caused by a mutation to SQSTM1?

A

Paget’s disease

The SQSTM1, TNFRSF11A, and TNFRSF11B genes are involved in bone remodeling

52
Q

Which disease is caused by 1α-hydroxylase?

A

Rickets

53
Q

Most common cause of septic arthritis?

A

S. Aureus

54
Q

7-year-old patient with osteomyelitis and sickle cell anemia?

A

Salmonella typhi

55
Q

Treatment of osteomyelitis caused by salmonella?

A

Ciprofloxacin

56
Q

Treatment of multi-drug resistant S.Aureus?

A

Vancomysin

57
Q

45-year-old patient with arthritis and bright red cheeks. Fluid analysis revealed the presence of viral DNA. Whats the causative agent?

A

Parvovirus B19

58
Q

35-year-old patient with arthritis after traveling to a tropical country and getting bit by a mosquito

A

Dengue virus

59
Q

Joint aspiration for a patient with osteomyelitis revealed intracellular budding yeast. What is the condition?

A

Histoplasmosis

60
Q

Which is linked with both onset and intensity of pain?

A

Catastrophizing

61
Q

Materials used in bone scan are more likely to behave similarly to

A

Phosphate

62
Q

What is the common antigen that the antibody is directed to in RA?

A

IgG

63
Q

How are immune complexes normally cleared from our body?

A

Complement

64
Q

Patient with arthritis was diagnosed with parvovirus B19.

What’s the most likely outcome?

A

Disease will be self-limited within three weeks

65
Q

42-year-old female with morning stiffness for one hour. T=37.5 and pressure is 140/90 with synovitis. What’s useful in diagnosis?

A

C-Reactive Protein

66
Q

A patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis was seen to have subcutaneous nodules over his elbow. If we microscopically look at them, what will we found?

A

Granuloma

67
Q

Patient with fever and chills was diagnosed with synovitis. What is the initial diagnostic approach to the patient?

A

Joint fluid analysis

68
Q

55-year-old female who is on estrogen supplement therapy (EST) was diagnosed with SLE. What is your advice to her EST?

A

You should stop taking it to prevent lupus flares

69
Q

Patients with SLE are characterized by

A

Production of anti-leukocyte antibodies

70
Q

You can mainly differentiate between SLE and RA by the

presence of

A

Anti-double stranded DNA Antibody

anti-dsDNA antibody test is very specific for SLE

71
Q

What’s meant by “all mtDNA are identical in a healthy individual at birth”?

A

Homoplasmy

72
Q

Patient with lactic acidosis, hearing loss, and stroke is caused by

A

Mutation to mitochondrial tRNA

73
Q

Mitochondrial diseases mainly affect the

A

Muscles

74
Q

What is a special characteristic of collagen?

A

Triple helix

75
Q

Which is the most frequent amino acid in collagen?

A

Glycine

76
Q

Which of the following would lead to decreased uric acid

solubility?

A

Low pH

77
Q

What is the molecule found in crystals in gout patients?

A

Monosodium Urate

78
Q

How many of these has increased mortality?

a. RA
b. SLE
c. OA

A

RA=YES
OA=NO
SLE=YES!

79
Q

A 60-year-old male in casualty for 2 days and pain and effusion
in his first MTP joint. It started 3 months ago with recurrent episodes since that time. Physical examination revealed redness and swelling with tophi formation in the 1st MTP joint. What’s the diagnosis?

A

Gout

80
Q

Why is it hard to study the epidemiology of OA?

A

No correlation between radiological and clinical

manifestations

81
Q

Patient with an injury to the C6-C7 zygopophyseal joint. What will be affected?

A

Spinal nerves

82
Q

What innervates the superficial intrinsic muscles at the back?

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

83
Q

Which muscle is most commonly torn in the back?

A

Erector spinae

84
Q

Which muscle is the major flexor of the vertebra?

A

Psoas major

85
Q

What is the most common cause of low back pain?

A

Muscle strain

86
Q

Which part gives the myotome?

A

Paraxial

87
Q

Failure of fusion of vertebral arches causes

A

Spina bifida

88
Q

Failure of one half of the vertebral centrum to ossify causes

A

Scoliosis

89
Q

Which is a common malignant tumor that contains bone matrix

producing cells?

A

Osteosarcoma

90
Q

Patient with swelling at right knee. Radiological studies showed “soap bubbles” and lesion composed of large osteoclastic cells. What’s the diagnosis?

A

Giant cell tumor

91
Q

Patient with bony lesion associated with translocation (11:22) and glygocen deposition

A

Ewing sarcoma

92
Q

What is a characteristic of back pain?

A

It affects mostly people of working ages

93
Q

Alveolar extremities examination revealed loss of sensation on the lateral 5th finger of the foot. Which nerve roots are affected?

A

L5-S1

94
Q

Patients with intervertebral disk herniation are best diagnosed by

A

MRI

95
Q

What is the best way to check for supraspinatus tendonitis?

A

MRI

96
Q

We check X-Ray (lateral side) to see subluxation or whiplash

injury on the…

A

Cervical vertebra

97
Q

We do MRI to check for the integrity and to find any tear in…

A

Glenoid labrum

MSK - 3rd year (19 decks)

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